Urang Cino Han
Total populasi | |
---|---|
Labiah kurang 1,3 milyar[1] | |
Kawasan jo populasi nan signifikan | |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
Cino parantauan (dek katurunan) | |
![]() | 9.392.987[5] |
![]() | 6.650.009[6] |
![]() | 3.795.007[7] |
![]() | 2.833.134[8] |
![]() | 2.547.000[9] |
![]() | 1.638.000[10] |
![]() | 1.469.000[11] |
![]() | 1.350.000[12][paralu sumber labiah rancak] |
![]() | 1.214.000[13] |
![]() | 998.000[14] |
![]() | 823.000[15] |
![]() | 731.000[16] |
![]() | 700.000[14] |
![]() | 450.000[17] |
![]() | 433.000[18] |
![]() | 375.954[19] |
![]() | 350.000[20] |
![]() | 334.000[21] |
![]() | 212.000[22] |
![]() | 210.000[23][24] |
![]() | 210.000[25] |
![]() | 186.000[14] |
![]() | 172.000[26] |
![]() | 171.000[27] |
![]() | 152.000[14] |
![]() | 145.000[14] |
![]() | 135.000[28][29] |
![]() | 70.000[30] |
![]() | 19.000[31] |
![]() | 11.000[32] |
Bahaso | |
Cino | |
Agamo | |
Sabagian gadang indak baragamo, Mahayana, kapicayoan tradisional Cino (tamasuak Taoisme, panyambahan laluhua, Konghucu, jo lain-lain), sarato minoritas mamaluak Kristen jo agamo-agamo lain.[33] | |
Kalompok etnis takaik | |
Urang Sino-Tibetan | |
Catatan kaki | |
Babarapo sumber marujuak urang Cino Han lansuang sabagai "Cino" atau mangalompokannyo jo urang-urang Sino-Tibetan. |
Urang Cino Han,[34][35][36] Hanzu,[37][38][39] atau urang Han,[40][41][42][43] (UK /hæn/;[44] US /haːn/;[45] (Cino)[46] or (Cino)),[47][48] adolah suatu kalompok etnis jo bangso Asia Timua nan marupoan panduduak asali Cino.[49][50][51][52][53] Kalompok etnis iko adalah nan tagadang di dunia, mancapai labiah kurang 18% dari populasi dunia.[54][55] Dipakiroan kini lai ado 1,3 milyar urang Cino Han, nan sabagian gadang tingga di Cino Daratan (kiro-kiro 91,6% dari populasinyo).[2] Di Taiwan, urang Cino Han mambantuak 95% dari populasinyo.[56][57] Urang bakaturunan Cino Han mancapai sakita 75% dari total populasi Singapura.[58]
Urang Cino Han mangaku baso asa niniak muyangnyo iolah dari Huaxia, suatu pasakutuan kalompok suku-suku patani nan iduik manatap di pasisia Sungai Kuniang (Huang He).[59][60] Istilah Huaxia bapakai untuak manggambaan pasakutuan suku-suku patani Hua jo Xia pado maso Neolitikum nan manatap di Dataran Tangah, yaitu sakita bagian tangah jo ilia dari aliaran Sungai Kuniang di utara Cino.[61][62][63][60] Kaduo suku itulah nan diakui sabagai niniak muyang dari urang Cino Han moderen nan kudian maasiakan kabudayaan Cino. Salain itu, istilah Huaxia (arati harafiah: "urang Xia nan beradab") bapakai sacaro kusuih untuak manyabuik kalompok-kalompok etnis nan dianggap beradab, untuak mambedoan jo kalompok-kalompok lain nan dianggap urang barbar nan bamukim di sakitanyo.[64][62][65]
Dinasti Han dianggap sabagai salah satu era gadang partamo dalam sajarah Cino, dek karano manjadian Cino sabagai kakuatan regional utamo di Asia Timur jo banyak mampangaruahi nagara-nagara tatanggonyo, bahkan sampai manyaingi Kakaisaran Romawi dalam ukuaran populasi jo laweh geografisnyo.[66][67][68] Gensi jo kaunggualan Dinasti Han mampangaruahi banyak kalompok Huaxia kuno untuak muloi manyabuik dirinyo surang sabagai "Urang Han".[64][69][70][71][72] Urang-urang Cino Han sajak itu manjadian namo dinasti iko sabagai namo etnisnyo, sarato uruf nan inyo pakai dinamoan juo "uruf Han".[66][73][71]
Rujuakan[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
- ↑ Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 89–95. ISBN 978-1-61069-018-8. https://books.google.com/?id=oZCOAwAAQBAJ.
- ↑ a b CIA Factbook: "Han Chinese 91.6%" out of a reported population of 1,384,688,986 billion (July 2018 est.)
- ↑ 2018 Demographics
- ↑ Place of birth 2016 Hong Kong census
- ↑ Barbara A. Peru (2009), Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Facts on File, p. 794, ISBN 1-4381-1913-5.
- ↑ "Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-12.
- ↑ "Race Reporting for the Asian Population by Selected Categories: 2010 more information". United States Census Bureau. Diakses tanggal 19 January 2014.
- ↑ Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk, 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik. 1 Juli 2011. ISBN 978-979-064-417-5. http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html.
- ↑ "Home" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2015-10-21.
- ↑ "The World Factbook". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 October 2010. Diakses tanggal 17 February 2016.
- ↑ Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. "Population by Ethnic Origin by Province". Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. Diakses tanggal 17 February 2016.
- ↑ Senate of the Philippines (January 21, 2013). Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday. Siaran pers. Diakses pado 2016-07-29.
- ↑ "Australia". 2016 Census QuickStats. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Diakses tanggal 31 October 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e "The Ranking of Ethnic Chinese Population". Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 September 2016.
- ↑ "Population and Employment". General Statistics Office Of Vietnam. 13 November 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 November 2010.
- ↑ "平成29年度末在留外国人確定値" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Jepang). Ministry of Justice. 2018-04-13. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-03-27. Diakses tanggal 2018-04-13. [paralu sumber labiah rancak]
- ↑ "Población china en Venezuela". January 2019. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2019.
- ↑ "2011 Census: Ethnic group. local authorities in the United Kingdom". Office for National Statistics. 11 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2015.
- ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html
- ↑ Park, Yoon Jung (2009). Recent Chinese Migrations to South Africa – New Intersections of Race, Class and Ethnicity. Interdisciplinary Perspectives. ISBN 978-1-904710-81-3. http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/rei-v1.3b.pdf. Diakses pado 20 September 2010.
- ↑ "Cittadini Non Comunitari: Presenza, Nuovi Ingressi e Acquisizioni di Cittadinanza: Anni 2015–2016" (PDF). Istat.it. Diakses tanggal 12 December 2017.
- ↑ "BiB – Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung – Pressemitteilungen – Zuwanderung aus außereuropäischen Ländern fast verdoppelt". Bib-demografiie.de (dalam bahasa Jerman). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 December 2017. Diakses tanggal 12 December 2017.
- ↑ Dari 710.000 warganagara Cino nan iduik di Korea taun 2016, 500.000 adolah etnis Korea.
- ↑ "Foreign national population in Korea up more than 40% in 5 yrs". Maeil Business News Korea. 8 September 2016. Diakses tanggal 10 Mai 2018.
- ↑ "Chinese living in Kingdom more than doubles since '17". 2018-09-14. Diakses tanggal 15 September 2018.
- ↑ "Cifras de Población a 1 de enero de 2016 : Estadística de Migraciones 2015 : Adquisiciones de Nacionalidad Española de Residentes 2015" (PDF). Ine.es (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Diakses tanggal 12 December 2017.
- ↑ "2013 New Zealand Census". Diakses tanggal May 13, 2018.
- ↑ [1] Archived December 4, 2008, di Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Little China in Belgrade". BBC News. 2001-02-12. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-04.
- ↑ "Chinese-Mexicans celebrate repatriation to Mexico". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Nov 23, 2012. Diakses tanggal Oct 8, 2017.
- ↑ "X Censo Nacional de Población y VI de Vivienda 2011, Características Sociales y Demográficas" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica. July 2012. hlm. 61. Diakses tanggal 22 September 2016.
Cuadro 23. Costa Rica: Población total por autoidentificación étnica-racial, según provincia, zona y sexo. Chino(a) 9,170
- ↑ [2] Archived October 16, 2012, di Wayback Machine.
- ↑ 2010 Chinese Spiritual Life Survey conducted by Dr. Yang Fenggang, Purdue University's Center on Religion and Chinese Society. Statistics published in: Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, David Strait. People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011 Archived 2016-03-03 di Wayback Machine.. Religions & Christianity in Today's China, Vol. II, 2012, No. 3, pp. 29–54, ISSN 2192-9289.
- ↑ Hsu, Cho-yun (2012). China: A Religious State. Columbia University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-231-15920-3.
- ↑ Yang, Miaoyan (2017). Learning to Be Tibetan: The Construction of Ethnic Identity at Minzu. Lexington Books. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4985-4463-4.
- ↑ Who are the Chinese people? Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/iana languages' not found.. Huayuqiao.org. Retrieved on 2013-04-26.
- ↑ Joniak-Luthi, Agnieszka (2015). The Han: China's Diverse Majority. University of Washington Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-295-80597-9.
- ↑ Chow, Kai-wing (2001). Constructing Nationhood in Modern East Asia. University of Michigan Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-472-06735-0.
- ↑ Rawski, Evelyn (2001). The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. University of California Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-520-92679-0.
- ↑ Li, Xiaobing (2012). China at War: An Encyclopedia. Pentagon Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-81-8274-611-4.
- ↑ Fairbank, John K. (1983). The Cambridge History of China Volume 12: Republican China, 1912–1949, Part 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-05479-9. http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139054799. Diakses pado 20 Mai 2016.
- ↑ Wen; et al. (2004). "Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture". Nature. 431 (7006): 302–05. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..302W. doi:10.1038/nature02878. PMID 15372031.
- ↑ Stix, Gary (2008). "Traces of a Distant Past" Scientific American, July: 56–63.
- ↑ "Han definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Diakses tanggal 2018-06-12.
- ↑ "Han". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ↑ Kim, Hodong (2004). Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864–1877. Stanford University Press. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-8047-7364-5. https://books.google.com/?id=AtduqAtBzegC. Diakses pado 20 Mai 2016.
- ↑ Xiaobing Li; Patrick Fuliang Shan (2015). Ethnic China: Identity, Assimilation, and Resistance. Lexington Books. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4985-0729-5.
- ↑ Rawski, Evelyn S. (1998). The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. Stanford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-520-92679-0.
- ↑ Siska, Veronika; Jones, Eppie Ruth; Jeon, Sungwon; Bhak, Youngjune; Kim, Hak-Min; Cho, Yun Sung; Kim, Hyunho; Lee, Kyusang; Veselovskaya, Elizaveta; Balueva, Tatiana; Gallego-Llorente, Marcos; Hofreiter, Michael; Bradley, Daniel G.; Eriksson, Anders; Pinhasi, Ron; Bhak, Jong; Manica, Andrea (2017). "Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago" (PDF). Science Advances (dipublikasikan tanggal February 1, 2017). 3 (2): e1601877. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601877. PMC 5287702
. PMID 28164156.
- ↑ Ang, Khai C.; Ngu Mee S.; Reid P. Katherine; Teh S. Meh; Aida, Zamzuraida; Koh X.R. Danny; Berg, Arthur; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Salleh, Hood; Clyde M. Mahani; ZainMd M. Badrul; Canfield A. Victor; Cheng C. Keith (2012). "Skin Color Variation in Orang Asli Tribes of Peninsular Malaysia". PLoS ONE. 7 (8): 2. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...742752A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042752. PMC 3418284
. PMID 22912732.
- ↑ Wang, Yuchen; Lu Dongsheng; Chung Yeun-Jun; Xu Shuhua (2018). "Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations" (PDF). Hereditas. 155: 19. doi:10.1186/s41065-018-0057-5. PMC 5889524
. PMID 29636655.
- ↑ Templat:Cite biorxiv
- ↑ Wang, Yuchen; Lu, Dongsheng; Chung, Yeun-Jun; Xu, Shuhua (2018). "Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations". Hereditas (dipublikasikan tanggal April 6, 2018). 155: 19. doi:10.1186/s41065-018-0057-5. PMC 5889524
. PMID 29636655.
- ↑ Zhang, Feng; Su, Bing; Zhang, Ya-ping; Jin, Li (February 22, 2007). "Genetic Studies of Human Diversity in East Asia". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 362 (1482): 987–996. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2028. PMC 2435565
. PMID 17317646.
- ↑ Zhao, Yong-Bin; Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Li, Hong-Jie; Cui, Ying-Qiu; Xu, Zhi; Jin, Li; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (2015). "Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to three-thousand Years Ago". PLoS ONE. 10 (5): e0125676. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1025676Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125676. PMC 4418768
. PMID 25938511.
- ↑ 中華民國國情簡介 [ROC Vital Information]. Executive Yuan (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-08-23.
臺灣住民以漢人為最大族群,約占總人口97%
- ↑ Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (2014). The Republic of China Yearbook 2014. p. 36. ISBN 978-986-04-2302-0. http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/UserFiles/YB%202014%20all%20100dpi.pdf. Diakses pado 11 Juni 2016.
- ↑ "Home" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-02-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-14.
- ↑ Minahan, James B. (2015). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-1-61069-017-1.
- ↑ a b Schliesinger, Joachim (2016). Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 2: Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region. Booksmango. pp. 13–14.
- ↑ Liu, Hong (2017). Chinese Business: Landscapes and Strategies. Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-138-91825-2.
- ↑ a b Wilkinson, Endymion Porter (2015). Chinese History: A New Manual. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 709. ISBN 978-0-674-08846-7.
- ↑ Yuan, Haiwang (2006). The Magic Lotus Lantern and Other Tales from the Han Chinese. Libraries Unlimited. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-59158-294-6.
- ↑ a b Perkins, Dorothy (1998). Encyclopedia of China: History and Culture. Checkmark Books. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-8160-2693-7. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00perk_0/page/202.
- ↑ Schliesinger, Joachim (2016). Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 2: Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region. Booksmango. p. 14.
- ↑ a b Minahan, James B. (2015). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-61069-017-1.
- ↑ Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012). East Asia: A New History. AuthorHouse. p. 119.
- ↑ Kang, David C. (2012). East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute. Columbia University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-231-15319-5.
- ↑ Tanner, Harold Miles (2010). China: a History: From the Great Qing Empire through the People's Republic of China, 1644–2009. Hackett Pub Co.. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-60384-204-4.
- ↑ Ueda, Reed (2017). America's Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places. Greenwood. p. 403. ISBN 978-1-4408-2864-5.
- ↑ a b Eno, R. "The Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – A.D. 220)" (PDF). Indiana University Press: 1.
- ↑ Li, Xiaobing (2012). China at War: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. Pentagon Press (dipublikasikan 30 Juni 2012). p. 155. ISBN 978-81-8274-611-4.
- ↑ Schaefer (2008), hlm. 279.
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