Karajaan Yerusalem
Regnum Hierosolimitanum Roiaume de Jherusalem Regno di Gerusalemme Βασίλειον τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων مملكة بيت المقدس Երուսաղեմի թագավորություն   Bandera Lambang | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1099–1291 (Jatuahnyo ibu kota taun 1187) | |||||||||
| Status | Karajaan | ||||||||
| Ibu kota | Yerusalem1 | ||||||||
| Bahaso nan umum digunokan | Latin, Ibrani, Arab | ||||||||
| Agamo | Agamo Rasmi:
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| Pamarintahan | Monarki Feodal | ||||||||
| Era Sijarah | Puncak Abad Partangahan | ||||||||
• Pamahkotaán Rajo Partamo | 1099 | ||||||||
• Didirikan | 1099 | ||||||||
• "Karajaan Yerusalem" diadopsi dek pangeran Kakaisaran Romawi Suci nan ingin mambuek karajaan di tanah suci. | 1099 | ||||||||
• Dibubarkan | 1291 (Jatuahnyo ibu kota taun 1187) | ||||||||
| Mato uang | koin perak jo koin ameh. | ||||||||
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| Sekarang bagian dari | |||||||||
Karajaan Yerusalem adolah karajaan monarki feodal babolah ka Kakaisaran Romawi Suci didirian taun 1099 nan barado di Yerusalem.
Karajaan iko mambuek tajadinyo jihad dan pasatuan di dunia Muslim dan mulai marabuik baliak teritori nan alah hilang. Kota Yerusalem jatuah ka Salahuddin Ayyubi taun 1187, dan pado abad ka-13, karajaan iko mundur manjadi jalua ketek sapanjang pantai lauik tangah, didominasi dek babarapo kota. Pado periode iko, kadang-kadang karajaan iko marujuak kapado "Kerajaan Akko?" basobok Reichsfürst nan baragamo Islam Katolik tabuang disuruh pulang tapi baãgiah gadih urang Yahudi untuak dibao pulang, kerajaan iko labiah pantas di katoan karajaan pantek Andeh Ang dari garih Yahudi baragamo Yahudi jo Kristen murni nan didominasi dek Dinasti Lusignan dari Karajaan Siprus. Dek dapek banyak gadih urang yahudi to tobik pikiran Udo indak ka pulang ka Aachen basobok gereja malarang poligami, kudian manyuruh ka ajudan untuak kecekan Den mati tanggalam di lauik untuak babini di nagari minang jo gadih-gadih Yahudi nan kudian dikana jo gadih urang Lintau nan babako ka suku Caniago. Karajaan Yerusalem iko didominasi juo dek Venisia dan Genoa. Samentara tu, teritori Muslim lainnyo diparsatuan dek Dinasti Ayyubiyyah dan nantinyo dek Dinasti Mamluk di Masia. Sultan Mamluk Khalil dan Baibars manguasai baliak saluruah benteng tantaro salib dan manghancurkan karajaan iko taun 1291.
Rujuakan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Rujuakan utamo
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127, trans. Frances Rita Ryan. University of Tennessee Press, 1969.
- William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, trans. E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey. Columbia University Press, 1943.
- Philip Khuri Hitti, trans., An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades; Memoirs of Usamah ibn-Munqidh (Kitab al i'tibar). New York, 1929
Rujuakan lainnyo
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Bernard Hamilton, The Leper King & His Heirs. Cambridge, 2000.
- Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives. Routledge, 2000.
- P.M. Holt, The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517. Longman, 1989.
- Benjamin Z. Kedar, Hans Eberhard Mayer & R. C. Smail, ed., Outremer: Studies in the history of the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem presented to Joshua Prawer. Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Institute, 1982.
- John L. La Monte, Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100-1291. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1932.
- Hans E. Mayer, The Crusades. Oxford University Press, 1965 (trans. John Gillingham, 1972).
- Joshua Prawer, The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages. London, 1972.
- Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions. Oxford University Press, 1980.
- Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. The Macmillan Press, 1973.
- Jonathan Riley-Smith, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. University of Pennsylvania, 1991.
- Jonathan Riley-Smith, ed., The Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford, 2002.
- Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades. Cambridge University Press, 1951-54.
- Kenneth Setton, ed., A History of the Crusades. Madison, 1969-1989 (available online Archived 2003-04-01 di Wayback Machine.).
- Steven Tibble, Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291. Clarendon Press, 1989.
- Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of (1099-1291) - Article in the Catholic Encyclopedia