Musajik Aguang Samarra
| {{{building_name}}} | |
Minaro spiral musajik | |
| Latak | Samarra, Iraq |
| Afiliasi agamo | Islam |
| Status fungsi | Active |
| Deskripsi arsitektur | |
|---|---|
| Jinih arsitektur | Islam |
| Gaya arsitektur | Abbasiyah |
| Tahun salasai | 851 |
| Spesifikasi | |
| Minaro | 1 |
| Tinggi minaro | 52 meters (171 ft) |
Musajik Aguang Samarra (bahaso Arab: جَامِع سَامَرَّاء ٱلْكَبِيْر, translit. Jāmiʿ Sāmarrāʾ Al-Kabīr, bahaso Arab: مَسْجِد سَامَرَّاء ٱلْكَبِيْر, translit. Masjid Sāmarrāʾ Al-Kabīr, atau bahaso Arab: ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلْجَامِع فِي سَامَرَّاء, translit. Al-Masjid Al-Jāmiʿ fī Sāmarrāʾ, har. 'The Great Mosque in Samarra') adolah musajik dari abaik kasambilan masehi nan talatak di Kota Samarra, Iraq. Musajik ko mulo dibangun pado tahun 848 dan salasai pado 851 pado maso Kakhalifahan Al-Mutawakkil dari Dinasti Abbasiyah. Musajik ko talatak di lahan Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO Kota Arkeologi Samarra salaweh 15.058 ha, nan didaftarkan sajak 2007 .[1]
Sijarah[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Musajik Aguang Samarra pado maso itu adolah musajik paliang gadang di dunia. Minaretnyo, Minaro Malwiya, babantuak karucuik spiral satinggi 52 meter jo leba 33 meter.[2] Kapamimpinan Al-Mutawakkil di maso itu nan manyukoi arsitektur, manjadi panangguang jawek pambangunan musajik.[3]
Musajik ko diancuakan pado 1278 (656 H) katiko Hulagu Khan mainvasi Iraq. Hanyo dindiang lua jo minaronyo sajo nan tasiso.[4]
Musajik lamo[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Musajik lamo mampunyoi 17 lorong, jo dindiang balampih mozaik kaco biru kalam. Musajik ko bagian dari palawehan bagian timur musajik aguang. Seni jo arsitektur musajik bapangaruah sabagai gambaran dekorasi Islam maso mulo dek ukiran plesteran dalam musajik baukia bungo sarato geometris. Musajik Ibnu Tulun di Kairo, Mesir, tapangaruah jo gaya arsitektur musajik aguang ko.[5]
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Minaret[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Minaro Malwiyah (bahaso Arab: المنارة الملوية, Al-Minārat al-Malwiyyah , "Minaro Tapuntia" atau "Minaro Cangkang Cipuik)[6][7] mulonyo taubuang jo musajik malalui jambatan. Minaro tasusun dari 848–852 batu, sarato mampunyoi bantuak nan unik yaitu cando tapuntia mangetek ka ateh. 52 meters (171 ft) tingginyo jo 33 meters (108 ft) leba alehnyo, bagian spiral manjadi janjang untuak ka ateh minaro.[8]
Katinggian Malwiyah mambuek mudah untuak dipakai azan. Minaro dapek tampak dari kajauahan, utamonyo di sakaliliang Samarra dan desainnyo manjadi gambaran kahadiran Islam di Lambah Tigris.[8]
Desain minaro nan tapuntia dapek dikatokan barasa dari gaya arsitektur Mesopotamia dek sabagian urang.[9] Sabagian lain baranggapan baso minaro ko labiah kuek tapangaruah dek Tonggak Gor (Pillar of Gor), nan dibangun Kakaisaran Sasania.[10]
Pado taun 2005, puncak minaro dibom. Minaro nan tanamo ko ancua sabagian dek pambarontak. Ado banyak kaba jo teori nan manyabuikan alasan minaro ko dibom. Sabagian urang mangecekan baso untuak manyarang lansuang Tantara Amerika Sarikat, sadangkan sabagian lain manyabuik untuak maadu domba dalam nagari. Sajak kanai bom, minaro ko dipakirokan indak batahan lamo.[11]
Struktur[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Minaro nan tapuntia ko manjadi inspirasi pamanang Lomba Arsitektur Pritzker (Pritzker Architecture Prize), Phillip Johnson nan desainnyo kini manjadi Kapel Thanksgiving di Lapangan Thanks-Giving, Dallas, Texas, Amerika Sarikat.[12][13][14] Minaro-minaro lainnyo nan tapangaruah antaro lain Musajik Syeikh Khalifa bin Zayed An Nahyan, Al Ain, Uni Emirat Arab.[15]
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Minaro Musajik Abu Dulaf, nan juo di Samarra, Iraq -
Minaro Musajik Ibnu Tulun -
Kapel Thanksgiving di Lapangan Thanks-Giving di Dallas, Texas, nan dibangun pado 1976
Rujuakan[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
- ↑ "Unesco names World Heritage sites". BBC News. 2007-06-28. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-23.
- ↑ "Historic Mosques site". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-07-10.
- ↑ Dennis, Sharp (1991). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture.. New York: Whitney Library of Design. p. 204.
- ↑ "مسجد سامرا ؛ برخوردار از مناره ای 53 متری و حلزونی شکل" (dalam bahasa Persia). Mehr News Agency. Diakses tanggal 27 March 2012.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ↑ Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2005), Islamic architecture in Cairo: an introduction, American University in Cairo Press, hlm. 51–57
- ↑ Kuban, Doğan (1974). "The Development of Early Mosque Architecture". The Mosque and Its Early Development. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 16. https://books.google.com/books?id=-TKu6nsFvaYC&pg=PA16.
- ↑ Kleiner, Fred (2011). "The Islamic World". Gardner's Art through the Ages: Backpack Edition, Book 3. Boston, the USA: CEngage Learning. p. 289. https://books.google.com/books?id=pcoJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA289.
- ↑ a b Kleiner, Fred S.; Christin J. Mamiya (2005). Gardner's Art Through the Ages (edisi ke-12th). Thomson Wadsworth.
- ↑ Henri, Stierlin (1977). Comprendre l'Architecture Universelle 2. Fribourg, Switzerland: Office du Livre. p. 347. "Great mosque, Samarra, was built during the caliphate of al-Mutawakkil. It is the largest mosque in the world. Built entirely of brick within a wall flanked with towers, it has a 55 m high minaret with a spiral ramp that recalls the ziggurats of Mesopotamia"
- ↑ "The city of Samarra was built during the Mu'tokul Abbasid period". Rch.ac.ir. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 August 2017. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2019.
- ↑ "Ancient minaret damaged in Iraq". news.bbc.co.uk. 1 April 2005.
- ↑ "Self-Guided Tour". Thanksgiving.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-05-26. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-16.
- ↑ "Travel Tips: Thanks-Giving Chapel's Islamic Design a Visual, Spiritual Gem in Downtown Dallas". WRMEA. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2019.
- ↑ Schulze, Franz (1996). Philip Johnson: Life and Work. University of Chicago Press. p. 334. ISBN 978-0-226-74058-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=tAe2qWReLhAC&pg=PA334.
- ↑ Al Nuaimi, Rashid (2019-06-28). "Iconic Al Ain mosque work in final stages". Gulf Today. Diakses tanggal 2019-07-24.
Daftar pustaka[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
- Necipoğlu, G., ed (2008). Muqarnas, Volume 25 Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar's Eightieth Birthday. doi:. ISBN 9789004173279.
- "Great Mosque of Samarra'". www.globalsecurity.org. Diakses tanggal 2019-12-09.
- "Iraq Significant Site 060 - Samarra — Al-Mutawakkil Mosque & Minaret al-Malwiya". www.cemml.colostate.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-12-09. Diakses tanggal 2019-12-09.
Pautan lua[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
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Wikimedia Commons mampunyoi media nan bahubuangan jo Musajik Aguang Samarra |
- The Great Mosque, Samarra, Iraq
- "Samarra Archaeological City". World Heritage Site. UNESCO. 2019.
- Photo of The Great Mosque
- Photo and information
- Photos, floor plans, and information
- Ernst Herzfeld Papers, Series 7: Records of Samarra Expeditions, Great Mosque of al-Mutawakkil Archived 2009-07-24 di Wayback Machine. Collections Search Center, S.I.R.I.S., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
- Ernst Herzfeld Papers, Series 7: Records of Samarra Expeditions, 1906-1945 Smithsonian Institution, Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives, Washington, DC