Mafia
Mafia adolah istilah informal untuak manggambarkan organisasi kriminal nan punyo kamiripan nan kuek dangan Mafia Itali (Cosa Nostra, 'Ndrangheta dan Camorra) atau "Mafia" saboneghnyo. Kagiatan utamo organisasi samacam tu iyolah arbitrase parsalisihan antaro sasamo panjaek saroto organisasi dan panogaàn parjanjian talarang antaro panjaek malalui manggunoan atau ancaman kakarasan basanjato.[1][2]
Istilah "mafia" awalnyo hanyo ditarapkan pado Mafia Sisilia dan baása dari Sisilia, tapi sojak tu dipalowe untuak mancakuik organisasi nan lain dangan metode dan tujuan nan sarupo, misalnyo, "Mafia Rusia" atau "Mafia Japang". Istilah iko ditarapkan sacaro informal dek wartawan dan urang rami; organisasi kriminal tu surang punyo istilah inyo sandiri (misalnyo Mafia Sisilia dan Mafia Itali-Amerika takaik manyabuik organisasi inyo sabagai "Cosa Nostra"; "Mafia Jopang" manyabuik dirinyo "Ninkyō dantai" tapi labiah dikana sabagai "Yakuza" dek urang rami, dan kalompok "Mafia Rusia" salalu manyabuik dirinyo "Bratva").
Katiko digunoan surang dan tanpa kualifikasi apo pun, "Mafia" atau "Mafioso" biasonyo mangacu pado Mafia Sisilia atau Mafia Itali-Amerika dan kadang kajahatan tarorganisir Itali pado umumnyo (misalnyo Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, dll.).
Kakuatan Mafia mancapai puncaknyo di AS pado partongahan abad ka-19. Rentetan panyalidikan FBI pado taun 1970 dan 1980 cukuik mangurangi pangaruah inyo sadonyo. Dek biktu kajatuhannyo tasabuik, Mafia dan reputasinyo alah tatanam di budayo populer Amerika, ado banyak tayangannyo dibarito televisi.
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- ↑ Gambetta 2009: "The mafia's principal activities are settling disputes among other criminals, protecting them against each other's cheating, and organizing and overseeing illicit agreements, often involving many agents, such as illicit cartel agreements in otherwise legal industries. Mafia-like groups offer a solution of sorts to the trust problem by playing the role of a government for the underworld and supplying protection to people involved in illegal markets ordeals. They may play that role poorly, sometimes veering toward extortion rather than genuine protection, but they do play it."
- ↑ Lupo, Salvatore (2009). History of the mafia. Internet Archive. New York : Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13134-6. http://archive.org/details/historyofmafia00lupo.