Koin Cino kuno

Wikipedia Minangkabau - Lubuak aka tapian ilimu
Koin-koin Cino kuno
Artikel iko mamuek teks babahaso Cino. Tanpa dukuangan multibahaso, Sanak mungkin hanyo mancaliak tando tanyo, tando kotak, atau karakter lain salain dari karakter nan dimukasuik.

Koin Cino kuno maliputi babarapo koin tarawal nan dikatahui. Koin-koin tasabuik, nan digunoan dari awal pariode Musim Semi dan Musim Gugur (770–476 SM), maambiak bantuak imitasi dari cangkang langkitang nan digunoan pado partukaran seremonial. Pariode Musim Semi dan Musim Gugur manganalkan juo koin-koin logam metal partamo; namun, koin-koin tasabuik bamulo tak babantuak bulek, melainkan, babontuak pisau atau babontuak sekop. Koin-koin logam metal bulek balubang, dan kudian koin parsegi jo lubang di tangahnyo mulo-mulo diparkonalkan pado sakitar taun 350 SM. Pado parmuloan dinasti Qin (221–206 SM), dinasti partamo nan manyatuan Cino, manganalkan koin tastandardisasi untuak saluruah Kakaisaran tasabuik. Dinasti-dinasti barikuiknyo mambuek baragam koin bulek tasabuik sapanjang periode kakaisaran. Mulo-mulo, panyobaran koin tabateh untuak digunoan di sakitaran distrik ibukota, tapi pado wakatu bamulo Dinasti Han, koin-koin banyak digunoan untuak mambayar pajak, gaji dan denda.

Ameh jo perak[suntiang | suntiang sumber]

Koin ameh Cino kuno[suntiang | suntiang sumber]

Logam Nago Cino (bahaso Jopang:中国の竜 , Chūgoku no ryū) mamociak mutiara, manggabaân urang nan punyo banyak ameh di Cino bukan urang biaso.
Ameh batangan Cino bantuak kapa bacorak Nago.

Koin perak Cino kuno[suntiang | suntiang sumber]

Rujuakan[suntiang | suntiang sumber]

Kutipan[suntiang | suntiang sumber]

Sumber[suntiang | suntiang sumber]

  • David Hartill. CAST CHINESE COINS. Trafford Publishing 2005.
  • The Daniel K.E. Ching Sale. June 2, 1991. Scott Semans, Seattle.
  • Fisher's Ding. An annotated version of the Ding Fubao catalogue prepared by George A. Fisher, Jr. Colorado, 1990.
  • Richard Von Glahn. Fountain of Fortune (Money and Monetary Policy in China 1000-1700).California, 1996.
  • Norman F. Gorny. Northern Song Dynasty Cash Variety Guide. Volume 1 Fugo Senshu. USA, 2001.
  • David Hartill. Qing Cash (Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication 37). London, 2003.
  • Charles O. Hucker. A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. California, 1985.
  • Peng Xinwei. A Monetary History of China (Zhongguo Huobi Shi). Trans. Edward H. Kaplan. Western Washington University, 1994.
  • F. Schjoth. Chinese Currency. London, 1929.
  • François Thierry. Monnaies chinoises: I L'Antiquite preimperiale. Paris, 1997. II Des Qin aux Cinq Dynasties. Paris, 2003.
  • Tung Tso Pin. Chronological Tables of Chinese History. Hong Kong, 1960.
  • D.C. Twitchett. Financial Administration under the T'ang Dynasty. Cambridge, 1970.
  • Wang Yu-Chuan. Early Chinese Coinage. New York, 1980.
  • Xinjiang Numismatics. Ed. Zhu Yuanjie et al. Hong Kong, 1991.
  • 《大泉圖錄》 Da Quan Tulu (Register of Large Cash). 鮑康 Bao Kang. Peking, 1876.
  • 《古钱大辞典》 Gu Qian Da Cidian (Encyclopaedia of Old Coins). 丁福保 Ding Fubao. Shanghai, 1936.
  • 《開元通寶系年考》 Kai Yuan Tong Bao Xi Nian Hui Kao (Kai Yuan Tong Bao. A Chronological Classification). 杜维善 顾小坤 Dun Weishan & Gu Xiaokun. Shanghai, 1996.
  • 《兩宋鐵錢》 Liang Song Tie Qian (Iron Coins of the Two Song Dynasties). 閻福善 Yan Fushan (et al. eds). Peking, 2000.
  • 《清朝錢譜》 Shincho Senpu. (Qing Dynasty Cash Register). Hanawa Shiro. Tokyo, 1968.
  • 《太平天國錢幣》 Taiping Tianguo Qianbi (Coins of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom). 馬定祥 馬傅德 Ma Dingxiang & Ma Fude. Shanghai, 1983.
  • 《咸豐泉匯》 Xianfeng Quan Hui (A Collection of Xianfeng Coins). 馬定祥 Ma Dingxiang. Shanghai, 1994.
  • 《中國古錢目錄》 Zhongguo Gu Qian Mulu (Catalogue of Old Chinese Coins). 華光普 Hua Guangpu. Hunan, 1998.
  • 《中國錢幣大辭典 - 先秦編》 Zhongguo Qianbi Da Cidian – Xian Qin Bian (Chinese Coin Encyclopaedia – Early Times to Qin). 李葆華 Li Paohua (ed.). Peking, 1995.

Pautan lua[suntiang | suntiang sumber]