Jalur Gaza

Jalur Gaza atau dikenal sabagai Gaza sajo adolah salah ciek dari duo wilayah Palestina (lainnyo Tapi Barat) nan talatak di pantai timur Lauik Mediterania. Dihuni dek sabagian gadang pangungsi Palestina jo katurunannyo, Gaza adolah salah ciek wilayah paliang padek panduduaknyo di dunia. Pado tahun 2024, dipakiroan bapanduduak bajumlah 2.141.643 jiwa jo laweh hanyo 365 km2.^[1] Gaza babatehan jo Mesir di barat daya sarato Israel di timur jo utara. Wilayah ko barado di bawah panduduakan Israel sajak tahun 1967.^[2]

Bateh wilayah ditetapan katiko Gaza dikuasoi dek Mesir salamo parang Arab-Israel tahun 1948, jo manjadi tampek balinduang warga Palestina nan diusia. Kamudian, salamo Parang Anam Hari tahun 1967, Israel marabuik jo manduduaki Jalur Gaza, mamulai panduduakan militernyo salamo puluahan tahun.^[3]^[4] Pajanjian Oslo pado patangahan tahun 1990-an manatapan Otoritas Palestina sabagai otoritas pamarentahan tabateh, awalnyo dipimpin dek partai sekuler Fatah hinggo partai tu kalah dalam pamilu 2006 malawan Hamas nan Sunni. Hamas kamudian maambiak aliah pamarentahan Gaza dalam paparangan salanjuiknyo.^[5]^[6]

Pambatehan pagarakan jo barang di Gaza nan dibalakuan dek Israel dimulai pado awal tahun 1990-an.^[7] Pado tahun 2005, Israel sacaro sapihak manarik pasukannyo dari Gaza, mambongka pamukiman, jo manarapan blokade tahadok panduduak Gaza.^[8]^[9] Mesir mulai pulo ikuik mamblokade Gaza pado tahun 2007.

Rujuakan

↑ "Gaza Strip". World Fact Book.
↑ Gross, Aeyal (12 October 2024). "The Functional Approach as Lex Lata". Verfassungsblog. doi:10.59704/133f2ff82e19d7f9 – via verfassungsblog.de.
↑ "Gaza Strip | Definition, History, Facts, & Map | Britannica". www.britannica.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2024-09-06. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 2024-09-06.
↑ Samson, Elizabeth (2010). "Is Gaza Occupied: Redefining the Status of Gaza under International Law". American University International Law Review. 25: 915. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 22 November 2023.
↑ Tristan Dunning, Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine, Archived 2 November 2022 di Wayback Machine. Routledge, 2016 p.212:'Since taking sole control of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas has proven itself to be a remarkably resilient and resourceful government entity. The movement has clearly entrenched itself as the hegemonic power in the coastal enclave to such an extent that the International Crisis Group contends that the power struggle in Gaza is no longer between Hamas and Fatah. Rather the main source of confrontation is between Hamas and other more hardline Islamists and salafists. . . Hamas has been far more successful in an administrative sense than the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, despite having access to only a fraction of the resources.'
↑
* Joshua Castellino, Kathleen A. Cavanaugh, Minority Rights in the Middle East, Archived 2 November 2022 di Wayback Machine. Oxford University Press 2013 p.150:'Palestinians under occupation in the West Bank and Gaza constitute a majority (demographically) with representation by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), a self-governing body run by Fatah in the West Bank, and by Hamas in the Gaza Strip'.
- David Rose, 'The Gaza Bombshell,' Archived 28 April 2018 di Wayback Machine. Vanity Fair April, 2008. 'The plan was for forces led by Dahlan, and armed with new weapons supplied at America's behest, to give Fatah the muscle it needed to remove the democratically elected Hamas-led government from power. . But the secret plan backfired, resulting in a further setback for American foreign policy under Bush. Instead of driving its enemies out of power, the U.S.-backed Fatah fighters inadvertently provoked Hamas to seize total control of Gaza.'
- Sara Roy, Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza, p.45 Archived 2 November 2022 di Wayback Machine.. 'Dahlan, who was supported by U.S. officials, has been a bitter enemy of Hamas since his 1996 crackdown on the movement. He consistently refused to accept the Palestinian unity government brokered by the Saudi government in the Mecca Agreement "and made his opposition intolerable to Hamas when he refused to subject the security forces under his command, armed and trained by the U.S., to the legitimate Palestinian unity government as agreed between Hamas and Fatah." Alistair Crooke, a former Middle East adviser to the EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana, similarly observed, "Dahlan refused to deal with (the independent interior minister appointed to the unity government), and put his troops on the streets in defiance of the interior minister. Hamas felt that they had little option but to take control of security away from forces which were in fact creating insecurity." Hence, Hamas was not attempting a coup against the government or the Fatah organization as a whole but also against Dahlan's U.S.-funded militia (and individual Fatah loyalists it blamed for the murder of Hamas members).'
↑ "Preliminary Assessment Of The Economic Impact Of The Destruction In Gaza". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 April 2024. Diakses tanggal 5 August 2024.
↑ Alfarsi, Haroun (2023-10-10). "Gaza Strip Blockade: Explained". Profolus (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2024-05-30.
↑ "Gaza Strip: devastated by conflict and Israel's economic blockade". Reuters (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2023-10-12. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 2023-11-13.

[1] "Gaza Strip". World Fact Book.

[2] Gross, Aeyal (12 October 2024). "The Functional Approach as Lex Lata". Verfassungsblog. doi:10.59704/133f2ff82e19d7f9 – via verfassungsblog.de.

[:5-3] "Gaza Strip | Definition, History, Facts, & Map | Britannica". www.britannica.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2024-09-06. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 2024-09-06.

[:6-4] Samson, Elizabeth (2010). "Is Gaza Occupied: Redefining the Status of Gaza under International Law". American University International Law Review. 25: 915. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 22 November 2023.

[auto1-5] Tristan Dunning, Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine, Archived 2 November 2022 di Wayback Machine. Routledge, 2016 p.212:'Since taking sole control of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas has proven itself to be a remarkably resilient and resourceful government entity. The movement has clearly entrenched itself as the hegemonic power in the coastal enclave to such an extent that the International Crisis Group contends that the power struggle in Gaza is no longer between Hamas and Fatah. Rather the main source of confrontation is between Hamas and other more hardline Islamists and salafists. . . Hamas has been far more successful in an administrative sense than the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, despite having access to only a fraction of the resources.'

[6] * Joshua Castellino, Kathleen A. Cavanaugh, Minority Rights in the Middle East, Archived 2 November 2022 di Wayback Machine. Oxford University Press 2013 p.150:'Palestinians under occupation in the West Bank and Gaza constitute a majority (demographically) with representation by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), a self-governing body run by Fatah in the West Bank, and by Hamas in the Gaza Strip'.
David Rose, 'The Gaza Bombshell,' Archived 28 April 2018 di Wayback Machine. Vanity Fair April, 2008. 'The plan was for forces led by Dahlan, and armed with new weapons supplied at America's behest, to give Fatah the muscle it needed to remove the democratically elected Hamas-led government from power. . But the secret plan backfired, resulting in a further setback for American foreign policy under Bush. Instead of driving its enemies out of power, the U.S.-backed Fatah fighters inadvertently provoked Hamas to seize total control of Gaza.'

Sara Roy, Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza, p.45 Archived 2 November 2022 di Wayback Machine.. 'Dahlan, who was supported by U.S. officials, has been a bitter enemy of Hamas since his 1996 crackdown on the movement. He consistently refused to accept the Palestinian unity government brokered by the Saudi government in the Mecca Agreement "and made his opposition intolerable to Hamas when he refused to subject the security forces under his command, armed and trained by the U.S., to the legitimate Palestinian unity government as agreed between Hamas and Fatah." Alistair Crooke, a former Middle East adviser to the EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana, similarly observed, "Dahlan refused to deal with (the independent interior minister appointed to the unity government), and put his troops on the streets in defiance of the interior minister. Hamas felt that they had little option but to take control of security away from forces which were in fact creating insecurity." Hence, Hamas was not attempting a coup against the government or the Fatah organization as a whole but also against Dahlan's U.S.-funded militia (and individual Fatah loyalists it blamed for the murder of Hamas members).'

[7] David Rose, 'The Gaza Bombshell,' Archived 28 April 2018 di Wayback Machine. Vanity Fair April, 2008. 'The plan was for forces led by Dahlan, and armed with new weapons supplied at America's behest, to give Fatah the muscle it needed to remove the democratically elected Hamas-led government from power. . But the secret plan backfired, resulting in a further setback for American foreign policy under Bush. Instead of driving its enemies out of power, the U.S.-backed Fatah fighters inadvertently provoked Hamas to seize total control of Gaza.'

[8] Sara Roy, Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza, p.45 Archived 2 November 2022 di Wayback Machine.. 'Dahlan, who was supported by U.S. officials, has been a bitter enemy of Hamas since his 1996 crackdown on the movement. He consistently refused to accept the Palestinian unity government brokered by the Saudi government in the Mecca Agreement "and made his opposition intolerable to Hamas when he refused to subject the security forces under his command, armed and trained by the U.S., to the legitimate Palestinian unity government as agreed between Hamas and Fatah." Alistair Crooke, a former Middle East adviser to the EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana, similarly observed, "Dahlan refused to deal with (the independent interior minister appointed to the unity government), and put his troops on the streets in defiance of the interior minister. Hamas felt that they had little option but to take control of security away from forces which were in fact creating insecurity." Hence, Hamas was not attempting a coup against the government or the Fatah organization as a whole but also against Dahlan's U.S.-funded militia (and individual Fatah loyalists it blamed for the murder of Hamas members).'

[7] "Preliminary Assessment Of The Economic Impact Of The Destruction In Gaza". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 April 2024. Diakses tanggal 5 August 2024.

[:9-8] Alfarsi, Haroun (2023-10-10). "Gaza Strip Blockade: Explained". Profolus (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2024-05-30.

[:8-9] "Gaza Strip: devastated by conflict and Israel's economic blockade". Reuters (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2023-10-12. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 2023-11-13.

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