Lompat ke isi

Bakteri

Wikipedia Minangkabau - Lubuak aka tapian ilimu

Bakteri (dari kato Latin bacterium; jamak: bacteria) adolah kalompok organisme nan indak mampunyoi membran inti sel.[4] Organisme ko tamasuak ka dalam domain prokariota jo baukuran ketek sangaik (mikroskopik), sarato mampunyoi paran gadang dalam kahidupan di bumi.[4] Babarapo kalompok bakteri tanamo sabagai agen panyabab infeksi jo panyakik, samantaro kalompok lainnyo dapek maagiah manpaaik dibidang pangan, ubek, jo industri.[5] Struktur sel bakteri relatif sederhana: tanpa nukleus/inti sel, karangko sel, jo organel-organel lain sarupo mitokondria dan kloroplas.[5] Hal ikolah nan manjadi pambeda antaro sel prokariot jo sel eukariot nan labiah kompleks.[6]

Bakteri dapek ditamukan di ampia sado tampek: di tanah, aia, udaro, dalam simbiosis jo organisme lain ataupun sabagai agen parasit (patogen), bahkan dalam tubuah manusia.[7][8][9][10] Pado umumnyo, bakteri baukuran 0,5-5 μm, tapi ado bakteri tatantu nan dapek mancapai diameter 700 μm, iyolah Thiomargarita.[11] Umumnyo mampunyoi dindiang sel, sarupo sel tumbuahan jo cindawan, tapi jo bahan pambantuak nan amaik babeda (peptidoglikan).[12] Babarapo jinih bakteri basipaik motil (talok manggarik) jo mobilitasnyo ko dek adonyo flagel.[13]

Bakteri Gram positif jo negatif

[suntiang | suntiang sumber]

Dalam maagiah antibiotik musti dikataui jinih bakterinyo apokoh Gram positif atau negatif. Di bawah ko adolah daftar bakteri tasabuik:

  • Actinomyces
  • Bacillus
  • Clostridium
  • Corynebacterium
  • Enterococcus
  • Gardnerella
  • Lactobacillus
  • Listeria
  • Mycobacterium
  • Mycoplasma
  • Nocardia
  • Propionibacterium
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Streptomyces
  • Acetobacter
  • Borrelia
  • Bortadella
  • Burkholderia
  • Campylobacter
  • Chlamydia
  • Enterobacter
  • Escherichia
  • Fusobacterium
  • Helicobacter
  • Hemophilus
  • Klebsiella
  • Legionella
  • Leptospiria
  • Neisseria
  • Nitrobacter
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Rickettsia
  • Salmonella
  • Serratia
  • Shigella
  • Thiobacter
  • Treponema
  • Vibrio
  • Yersinia
  1. Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (12): 4576–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 2112744. 
  2. "Bacteria (eubacteria)". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Diakses tanggal 2008-09-10. 
  3. Woese CR, Fox GE (1977). "Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (11): 5088–90. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.5088W. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088. PMC 432104alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 270744. 
  4. a b Madigan MT (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms Twelfth Edition. Pearson Benjammin Cummings. 
  5. a b Berg JM, Tymoczko JL Stryer L (2002). Molecular Cell Biology (edisi ke-5th). WH Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4955-6. 
  6. Todar K. 2008. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/index.html Archived 2023-07-29 di Wayback Machine. [diakses pada 21 Juni 2011].
  7. Anesti V, McDonald IR, Ramaswamy M, Wade WG, Kelly DP, Wood AP. 2005. Isolation and molecular detection of methylotrophic bacteria occurring in the human mouth. Environ Microbiol 7(8):1227-38.
  8. Gallego V, Garcia MT, Ventosa A. 2005.Methylobacteriumvariabile sp. nov., a methylotrophic bacterium isolated froman aquatic environment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1429-33.
  9. Pasamba EM, Demigillo RM, Lee AC. 2007. Antibiograms of pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacterial isolates fromvarious sources. Philipp Scient 44:47-56.
  10. Sorokin DY, Trotsenko YA, Doronina NV, Tourova TP, Galinski EA, Kolganova TV, Muyzer G. 2005. Methylohalomonas lacus gen. nov., sp. nov.and Methylonatrum kenyense gen. nov., sp. nov., methylotrophic gamma proteobacteria fromhypersaline lakes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57: 2762–69.
  11. Gray ND dan Head IM (2005). Microorganisms and Earth Systems; Advances in Geomicrobiology. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 0-521-86222-1. 
  12. Koch A (2003). "Bacterial wall as target for attack: past, present, and future research". Clin Microbiol Rev. 16 (4): 673–87. doi:10.1128/CMR.16.4.673-687.2003. PMC 207114alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 14557293. 
  13. Bardy SL, Ng SY, Jarrell KF (2003). "Prokaryotic motility structures". Microbiology (Reading, Engl.). 149 (Pt 2): 295–304. doi:10.1099/mic.0.25948-0. PMID 12624192. 

Bacoan lanjuik

[suntiang | suntiang sumber]