Antonin Scalia
Antonin Scalia (lahia di Trenton, New Jersey, 3 November 1936 – maningga di Shafter, Texas, 13 Februari 2016 pado umua 79 taun) adolah surang pangacara, hakim, jo pangajar ilmu hukum bakabansoan Amerika Sarikat. Inyo manjabaik subagai Hakim Aguang pado Mahkamah Aguang Amerika Sarikat mulai tahun 1986 sampai kamatiannyo pado tahun 2016. Sabalunnyo, inyo manjabaik pulo subagai hakim di Pangadilan Bandiang Amerika Sarikat untuak Wilayah District of Columbia dan pajabaik tinggi pado Kajaksaan Aguang Amerika Sarikat. Inyo tanamo dek sikap jo pandangan hukumnyo nan konservatif taadok Konstitusi Amerika Sarikat.
Pandidikan jo karir awal
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Antonin Scalia lahia pado 11 Maret 1936 di Trenton, New Jersey, anak suluang Salvatore E. Scalia (1903-1986), surang dosen sastra di Brooklyn College, jo Catherine L. Scalia (1905-1985), surang guru sakolah dasar.[1] Pado maso keteknya, Scalia tingga di Queens, New York dan masuak sakolah militer Ordo Yesuit Xavier High School. Pado maso SMA, Scalia aktif di Pramuka Amerika Sarikat.[2][3]
Salapeh SMA, Scalia kuliah di jurusan sajarah Universitas Georgetown, lulus pado tahun 1957.[4][1] Inyo kudian masuak ka Fakultas Hukum Universitas Harvard, lulus magna cum laude pado tahun 1960. Di Harvard, Scalia adolah redaktur di Harvard Law Review, jurnal hukum rasmi fakultas hukum tu.[5]
Salapeh lulus dari Harvard, Scalia bapraktek hukum pado firma internasional Jones Day di Cleveland dari tahun 1961 inggo 1967.[6] Pado 1967, inyo ditarimo manjadi dosen di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Virginia. Tahun 1971, inyo masuak ka dalam pamarintahan Presiden Richard Nixon, manjabaik subagai panasihat hukum untuak urusan kabijakan telekomunikasi dan subagai kapalo Administrative Conference of the United States. Pado tahun 1974, Presiden Gerald Ford maangkeknyo manjadi Panasihat Hukum untuak Jaksa Aguang William B. Saxbe.[7].
Scalia maninggaan sektor pamarintahan salapeh Ford salasai maso jabatannyo; inyo manjadi dosen di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Chicago dari tahun 1977 inggo 1982.[8] Di Chicago, Scalia ikuik manjadi panasihat Federalist Society, pakumpulan ahli hukum jo yuris bahaluan konservatif.[9]
Karir kahakiman
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Presiden Ronald Reagan maangkek Scalia manjadi hakim pado Pangadilan Bandiang Amerika Sarikat untuak Wilayah District of Columbia pado tahun 1982. Pangangkatannyo dikonfirmasi dek Senat Amerika Sarikat pado 5 Agustus 1982.[10]
Scalia kudian diangkek dek Presiden Reagan ka Mahkamah Aguang Amerika Sarikat pado 1986, manggantian Hakim Aguang Warren Burger nan alah masuak maso pensiun.[11] Inyo dikonfirmasi dek Senat pado 17 September 1986. Scalia adolah hakim aguang nan bakaturunan Italia partamo di Mahkamah Aguang Amerika Sarikat.[12]
Pandangan jo yurisprudensi
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Scalia tanamo dek pandangan-pandangan hukumnyo nan konservatif. Dalam pakaro-pakaro Mahkamah Aguang tantang pambagian kuaso antaro pamarintah federal jo nagara bagian, misalnyo, Scalia acok mamihak pado hak-hak nagara bagian.[13] Inyo mamandang baso pamisahan kuaso antaro cabang eksekutif, legislatif, jo kahakiman nan diamanatkan dek Undang-Undang Dasar Amerika Sarikat alah sacaro jaleh maatur baso indak ado cabang nan bisa labiah bakuaso pado cabang nan lain.[14]
Dalam pakaro hak-hak asasi, Scalia bapandangan baso aborsi indak tamasuak salah satu hak nan asasi dan putusan Roe v. Wade harus dibatalan[15][16]; ukuman mati sajalan jo konstitusi[17]; sarato hak mamacik sanjato di bawah Parubahan Kaduo harus ditafsirkan sacaro laweh tamasuak pado warga negara nan paribadi[18]. Sacaro umum, Scalia maambiak pandangan nan tekstualis taadok hukum.[19]
Rujuakan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- 1 2 Molotski, Irwin (June 18, 1986). "The Supreme Court: Man in the News; Judge with tenacity and charm: Antonin Scalia". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal January 12, 2010.
- ↑ Biskupic 2009, hlm. 17–19.
- ↑ Wendell, Bryan. "Before he served on the Supreme Court, Antonin Scalia was a Boy Scout". Diakses tanggal February 18, 2016.
- ↑ Murphy 2014.
- ↑ "Scalia Speaks in Ames, Scolds Aggressive Student". Harvard Law Record. December 7, 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 10, 2010. Diakses tanggal January 12, 2010.
- ↑ Biskupic 2009, hlm. 37–38.
- ↑ Biskupic 2009, hlm. 40.
- ↑ Staab 2006, hlm. 19.
- ↑ Shipp, E. R. (July 26, 1986). "Scalia's Midwestern colleagues cite his love of debate, poker, and piano". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal January 13, 2010.
- ↑ Biskupic 2009, hlm. 80.
- ↑ Biskupic 2009, hlm. 104–09.
- ↑ Biskupic 2009, hlm. 121.
- ↑ Campos, Paul (June 24, 2012). "Scalia's scary thinking". Salon.
- ↑ Ring 2004, hlm. 44–45.
- ↑ Biskupic 2009, hlm. 193–95.
- ↑ "Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833, 979 (Scalia, J., dissenting)". United States Supreme Court. June 29, 1992. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 7, 2010. Diakses tanggal January 13, 2010 – via FindLaw.
- ↑ Ring 2004, hlm. 144.
- ↑ Biskupic 2009, hlm. 347–51.
- ↑ Rossum, Ralph. "The textualist jurisprudence of Justice Scalia". Claremont McKenna College. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 25, 2010. Diakses tanggal January 14, 2010.
Daftar pustaka
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Biskupic, Joan (2009). American Original: The Life and Constitution of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. New York: Sarah Crichton Books/Farrar, Straus And Giroux. ISBN 9780374202897. https://archive.org/details/americanoriginal00bisk.
- Murphy, Bruce Allen (2014). Scalia: A Court of One. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743296496.
- Nemacheck, Christine L. (May 21, 2008). Strategic Selection: Presidential Nomination of Supreme Court Justices from Herbert Hoover through George W. Bush. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. pp. 120–121. ISBN 0813927439. https://books.google.com/?id=PhXsGgB_j6EC&pg=PA120&lpg=PA120&dq=party+affiliation+of+Antonin+Scalia&q=party%20affiliation%20of%20Antonin%20Scalia. Diakses pado 21 Pebruari 2016.
- Scalia, Antonin (2004). Ring, Kevin. ed. Scalia Dissents: Writings of the Supreme Court's Wittiest, Most Outspoken Justice. Washington, D.C: Regnery Publishing, Inc.. ISBN 9780895260536.
- Rossum, Ralph A. (2006). Antonin Scalia's Jurisprudence: Text and Tradition. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700614479.
- Staab, James (2006). The Political Thought of Justice Antonin Scalia: a Hamiltonian on the Supreme Court. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742543119. https://archive.org/details/politicalthought00jame.
- Toobin, Jeffrey (2008). The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court (edisi ke-revised). New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 9781400096794. https://archive.org/details/nineinsidesec00toob.
- Toobin, Jeffrey, ed (2012). The Oath: The Obama White House and The Supreme Court (edisi ke-Hardcover). New York: Doubleday. pp. 111–112. ISBN 9780385527200.
- Tushnet, Mark (2005). A Court Divided: the Rehnquist Court and the Future of Constitutional Law (edisi ke-revised). New York: W.W. Norton Co.. ISBN 9780393058680. https://archive.org/details/courtdividedrehn00tush.
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