Caliak sumber untuak Puffin atlantik

{{Taxobox
| name = Puffin Atlantik
| status = VU
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref = [[IUCN]]
| image = Papageitaucher Fratercula arctica (crop landscape).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| image_caption = Puffin dewasa [[Iceland]]
| image2= Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) (W1CDR0001416 BD3).ogg
| image2_caption= Suaro Puffin Atlantik, direkam di Skokholm Island, Pembrokeshire, Wales
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Aves]]
| ordo = [[Charadriiformes]]
| familia = Alcidae
| genus = ''Fratercula''
| species = '''''F. artica'''''
| binomial = ''Fratercula artica''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| range_map = Fratercula arctica distribution map.svg
| range_map_upright = 1.2
| range_map_caption = Daerah bakambang biak (oranye) jo daerah musim dingin (kuniang)
}}
'''Puffin Atlantik''' adolah sajinih [[buruang]] lauik nan iduik di balahan bumi sabalah utara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=2771624B64AD7F2C|title=Fratercula arctica (Atlantic Puffin) - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> Hewan iko mancari makan jo caro manyalam dan marupoan paranang nan hebat, makananyo barupo ikan jo [[zooplankton|zooplankton{{efn|Zooplankton adolah organisme nan baukuran ketek nan iduiknyo di lautan bebas nan tamasuak ka dalam kelompok hewan <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://digilib.unila.ac.id/8652/15/BAB%20II.pdf|title=http://digilib.unila.ac.id/|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>}}]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 1]</span>]]. Buruang nan diakana sabagai buruang lauik pelagis iko marupoan hewan nan bakambang biak jo jumlah nan banyak.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/trubus-id/puffin-burung-laut-yang-kini-terancam-punah-1rfmnmwNm2G|title=Puffin, Burung Laut yang Kini Terancam Punah|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> [[Buruang]] iko mamilki warna saparti [[pinguin]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/a/atlantic-puffin/|title=Atlantic Puffin {{!}} National Geographic|date=2011-05-10|website=Animals|language=en|access-date=2019-12-21}}</ref>

== Bantuak badan jo karakteristik fisik ==
Puffin atlantik iko mamiliki badan saparti hewan kelas aves pado umumnyo yoitu tadiri dari kapalo, pungguang jo sayok. Warna itam mandominasi pado bagian ateh badan dari hewan iko, tatapi pado bagian bawah badannyo bawarna putiah. Pado bagain paruah nyo mamiliki warna oranye, kuniang, jo kabiru-biruan sarato mamilki kaki bawarna oranye.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.planetofbirds.com/charadriiformes-alcidae-atlantic-puffin-fratercula-arctica|title=Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) – Planet of Birds|website=www.planetofbirds.com|access-date=2019-12-21}}</ref> Warna muko pado Puffin atlantik iko barubah manjadi galok satalah kawin.<ref name=":1" />

== Habitat ==
Indak saparti binatang pado umumnyo Puffin atlantik iko maabihan wakatu nyo di [[lauik]] bebas. Tatapi jiko pado musim kawin inyo pai ka Samudera atlantik bagian utara. Maliputi daerah daerah saparti di sapanjang [[Pantai Atlantik]] dari Maritim [[Kanada]] di selatan hinggo Maine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://nhpbs.org/natureworks/atlanticpuffin.htm|title=Atlantic Puffin - Fratercula arctica - NatureWorks|website=nhpbs.org|access-date=2019-12-21}}</ref> Satalah kawin, si jantan mambuek sarang nyo di tabiang lauik jo dilapisi rumpuik atau mambuek sarang do calah calah batu.<ref name=":1" />

== Parilaku jo kabiasaan ==
Puffin atlantik marupoan paranang jo panyalaman nan baiak. Mamiliki badan nan kompak, sayok nang lagi kuek, jo kaki nan basalapuik mambantu manyalam jo manggarik di bawah aia. Tatapi, kamampuan inyo di dalam aia babandiang tabaliak katiko di udaro jo di darat. Inyo mamiliki [[navigasi|navigasi{{efn|navigasi adolah caro manampekan haluan tabang<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kbbi.web.id/navigasi|title=Arti kata navigasi - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online|website=kbbi.web.id|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref>}}]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-9|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 2]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-9|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 2]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-9|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 2]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-9|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 2]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-9|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 2]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-9|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 2]</span>]] nan buruak katiko di darat jo udaro sahinggo inyo acok taantak sasuatu maskipun acok taantuak sasuatu, inyo bisa mancapai kecepatan 55 mil par jam di udaro.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Si jantan manarik perhatian si batino jo caro mangibeh ngibeh kapalo jo mambusuangkan dado nyo sarato mangepak ngepak sayoknyo, iko tajadi katiko masih di lauik lapeh.<ref name=":2" /> Satalah kawin jo punyo anak, puffin iko baliak ka lauik, katiko maso kawin tibo  pasangan iko batamu baliak di tampek nan samo satiok tahun.<ref name=":0" />

=== Kabiasaan makan ===
Puffin atlantik iko makan lauak lauak da sajinihnyo barupo hewan lauik ketek, tautamo lauak saparti capelin jo sandlance lauk lauk lain, sarato [[krustasea]], [[cumi-cumi]], jo caciang lauik. Puffin atlantik manahan lauak lauak ketek di dalam paruahnyo sampai 61 lauak.ketek jo 30 ikua ikan ukuran sadang Iko dek karano di dalam paruah puffin ko ado duri duri ketek sabagai panahan.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Parilaku satalah kawin jo satalah punyo anak  ===

Puffin batino hanyo mampunyoi ciek talua jo barek sakitar 40 g. Induak puffin manjago talua jo caro mangapik talua jo kaduo sayok nyo. Talua mambutuahkan wakatu sakitar 40 hari untuak manateh. Malakik gadang, makanan di agiah jo kaduo urang tuo sacaro bagantian salamo 40 hari lamonyo<ref name=":0" />. Butuah wakatu 4 atau 5 pekan untuak puffin tumbuah manjadi gadang jo barek 250 - 350 g. Satalah itu, bulu aluih pado badan puffin baubah manjadi bulu badan.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Pasangan puffin iko kawin labiah dari satu musim.<ref name=":1" />

== Konservasi ==
Kini ko jumlah populasi Puffin atlantik bajumlah 5.700.000-6.000.000 ikua. Dalam satu dekade iko jumlah populasi Puffin atlantik ko manurun sabanyak 30%. Puffin atlantik ko parnah di [[eksploitasi]] dan diambiak dagiang jo bulu nyo pado abad ka 19 sampai pado awal ka abad 20 di [[Islandia]] jo [[Kepulauan Faroe]]. [[Eskploitasi|Eskploitasi{{efn|Eksploitasi adolah pemerasan besar besaran <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kbbi.web.id/eksploitasi|title=Arti kata eksploitasi - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online|website=kbbi.web.id|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref>}}]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-11|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 3]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-11|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 3]</span>]][[Puffin atlantik#cite%20note-11|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[lower-alpha 3]</span>]] pado hewan iko parnah jua tajadi pado tahun 1953 di [[Kepulauan Blasket]], County Kerry untuak di jadian makanan dek panduduak nyo.<ref name=":2" />

== Pasebaran jo Imigrasi ==
Puffin atlantik tasebar di Samudera Atlantik utara mancangkup wilayah pesisir Islanida, New Jersey, Maroko, kanada sarato nagara eropa bagian timur.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Rentang wakatu hewan iko baimigrasi adolah, Maret-Agustus untuak koloni bagian selatan sarato Mei-september untuak koloni bagian utara.<ref name=":2" />

== Galeri ==
<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="150">
Berkas:Atlantic puffin 062.jpg|Puffin atlantik di Islandia
Berkas:Atlantic Puffin in flight.jpg|Puffin atlantik katiko tabang
Berkas:Atlantic puffins at Matinicus Rock (4187335095).jpg|Sakumpulan Puffin atlantik
</gallery>

=== Video ===
<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="150">
Berkas:Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) in Iceland.webm|Sakumpulan Puffin atlantik di Islandia
</gallery>

== Pabandiangan Puffin atlantik jo jinih puffin lainnyo ==
{| width = 70% class="wikitable"
! align="center" style="background-color: #D3D3A4" colspan ="4" |'''Jinih [[Urutan taksonomi]]'''
|-
! width=18% | Namo umum jo Namo ilmiah
! width=12% | gamba
! width=35% | Panjaleh
! width=35% | Jangkauan
|-
|Puffin atlantik<br>(''Fratercula arctica'')
|<center>[[File:Puffin Latrabjarg Iceland.jpg|350x140px]]</center>
|{{convert|32|cm|in|abbr=on}} panjang, jo {{convert|53|cm|in|abbr=on}} leba sayok, barek {{convert|380|g|oz|abbr=on}}.
|Atlantik Utara: pasisia pantai Eropa utara ka selatan [[France]], the [[British Isles]], the [[Faroe Islands]], [[Iceland]], [[Greenland]], [[Norway]] jo [[Atlantic Canada]] lalu selatan ka [[Maine]]. Musim dingin inyo ka [[Morocco]] jo [[New York (state)|New York]]<ref name =harrison3>Harrison (1988) p.404</ref>
|-
|[[Puffin tanduak]]<br>(''Fratercula corniculata'')
|<center>[[File:Fratercula corniculataUSFWSSL0002774.jpg|500x160px]]</center>
|{{convert|38|cm|in|abbr=on}} panjang, jo {{convert|58|cm|in|abbr=on}} leba sayok, mamiliki barek {{convert|620|g|lb|abbr=on}}.
|Pasifik Utara: Sapanjang pasisia pantai [[Siberia]], [[Alaska]] jo [[British Columbia]], Musim dingin ka selatan [[California]] and [[Baja California]]<ref name =harrison4>Harrison (1988) p.405</ref>
|-
|[[Puffin berumbai]]<ref>"Tufted Puffin" is the preferred English name. F. Gill and M. Wright, ''[[Birds of the World: Recommended English Names]]'', 2006.</ref><br>(''Fratercula cirrhata'')
|<center>[[File:TuftedPuffin.jpeg|500x150px]]</center>
|{{convert|38|cm|in|abbr=on}} mamiliki panjang, jo {{convert|63.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} leba sayok, mamilki barek {{convert|780|g|lb|abbr=on}}.
|Pasifik Utara: British Columbia, di sapanjang tenggara alaska [[Aleutian Islands]], [[Kamchatka]],[[Kuril Islands]] jo sapanjang [[Sea of Okhotsk]]. Musim dingin ka selatan [[Honshū]] jo California
|}

== Catatan kaki ==
{{notelist}}

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist}}{{under construction}}

[[Kategori:Buruang]]