Kuil Putuo Zongcheng
Kuil Putuo Zongcheng (Cina: 普陀 宗 乘 之 庙; pinyin: Pǔtuó Zōngchéng zhī miào, Tibet: གྲུ་ འཛིན་ ་ ་ བསྟན་ པའི་ རྩ་བའི་ ལྷ་ ཁང༌ །, Wylie: Chunzin Dainbaiza Pailhakang) di kota Chengde, Provinsi Hebei, Cino adolah sabuah kompleks kuil Buddha dimaso dinasti Qing nan dibangun diantara taun 1767 dan 1771,[1] tapeknyo pado maso pamarintahan Kaisar Qianlong (1735–1796). Kota iko talatak di dakek “Chengde Mountain Resort”, nan barado di sabalah selatan Putuo Zongcheng tu. Samo jo Kuil Puning nan terkenal, nan juo marupoan salah ciek dari Dalapan Kuil Lua dari Chengde. Kuil Putuo Zongcheng maniru Istana Potala Tibet, kadiaman Dalai Lama nan dibangun saabaik sabelumnyo.[2] Karano maniru arsitek istano Potala, manjadikan kuil iko papaduan gaya arsitektur Cino dan Tibet. Kompleks kuil mampunyoi laweh sakitar 220.000 meter persegi (2.400.000 kaki persegi), hal tasabuik manjadikannyo salah ciek kuil nan tagadang di Cino. Tadapek banyak aula dan paviliun baatok tambago dan ameh nan manambah kemegahan situs itu.
Sajarah
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Kuil Putuo Zongcheng marupoan bagian dari "Dalapan Kuil terlua" nan talatak di kota Chengde, kuil tasabuik marupoan bagian dari Daftar Warisan Dunia nan masuak kadalam kawasan "Chengde Mountain Resort". Kuil-kuil iko dikelola dek Lifan Yuan, badan administratif untuak urusan etnis nan saketek contohnyo urang Mongolia dan Tibet, mako kombinasi gaya arsitektur dari duo etnis tasabuik dapek diliek pado Dalapan Kuil Lua di Chengde iko.
Kuil Putuo Zongcheng awalnyo dipasambahkan untuak marayoan ulang taun Kaisar Qianlong, serato maagian "Hebei" jo ukuran dan kemegahan nan samo layaknyo Istana Potala di Lhasa. Kuil Putuo Zongcheng maadoan banyak kagiatan salain dari upacaro dan festival Buddha; salain itu kuil tersabuk jugo marupoan tampek kaisar untuak malakuan patamuan jo etnis nan babeda nan tadapaek didalam kekaisaran. Lokasi tersebuik jugo bafungsi sabagai tampek liburan nan tanang, nan jaleh babeda jo kahidupan di ibu kota beijing nan sibuk, serato sabagai tempek manyantap hasil buruan nan akan dinikmati dek kaisar basarato jo para pengikuiknyo.
Pado taun 1994, daerah "Chengde Mountain Resort" dan Kuil talua Chengde (tamasuak Kuil Putuo Zongcheng) dijadian sabagai Situs Warisan Dunia dek UNESCO. Kini ko, kuil tasabuik manjadi tampek tujuan wisata jo tampek parayoan kabudayaan masyarakaik satampek.
Pintu Masuak, aula, jo menara
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]-
Another aerial view -
Entrance to the complex -
The Qianlong Tablet Pavilion, located behind the front entrance -
The Five Pagodas Gate, located behind the Qianlong Tablet Pavilion, -
Gateway with multi-colored tiles, located behind the Five Pagodas Gate -
Main hall of the temple, surrounding the Wanfaguiyi Hall at its center. -
The golden rooftop of Wanfaguiyi Hall -
Corner pavilion of Wanfaguiyi -
Cihangpudu with the Wanfaguiyi Hall -
Doubled-layered, cylindrical tower.
Liek Pulo
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- List of Buddhist temples
- Puning Temple
- Xumi Fushou Temple
Catatan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Rujuakan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Foret, Philippe. (2000). Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2293-5ISBNISBN 0-8248-2293-50-8248-2293-5 (Paperback).
- Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida. (1998). The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22837-5ISBNISBN 0-520-22837-50-520-22837-5 (Paperback).
- Montell, Gösta: The Lama Temple Potala of Jehol. Plan of the Monastery-Ground. In: Geografiska Annaler, Band 17, Supplement: Hyllningsskrift Tillagnad Sven Hedin (1935), S. 175-184. (Putuo Zongcheng Temple)
- Hedin, Sven and Bergman, Folke: History of the expedition in Asia 1927-1935, in: Reports from the scientific expedition to the north-western provinces of China under leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin. The Sino-Swedish expedition. Publication 24: Part II 1928–1933. Stockholm 1943-1945, page 121ff. and page 184ff.. See also: Sino-Swedish Expedition of Sven Hedin and the Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago 1933/1934 (German).
- Montell, Gösta, Hedin, Sven: The Chinese lama temple Potala of Jehol. Exhibition of historical and ethnographical collections. Made by Dr. Gösta Montell, member of Dr. Sven Hedin's Expeditions, and donated by Vincent Bendix. Chicago: Century of Progress Exposition 1932.