Kalompok etnik-agamo
Kalompok etnik-agamo adolah sabuah kalompok etnik nan mampunyoi adaik nan disandikan kapado kasamoan agamo.
Istilah etnik-agamo, basamo jo etnik-wilayah jo etnik-bahaso adolah subkategori dari pangalompokan kalompok etnik nan dipakai sabagai pambuktian adonyo kayakinan nan masuak ka adaiknyo.[1]
Dalam sabuah pangaratian nan labiah sampik, kalompok-kalompok iko marujuak kapado kalompok nan mampunyoi katahubuangan sijarah antaro adaik jo agamo.[2]
Ciri-ciri
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Unsua-unsua nan manggambaan ciri-ciri sabuah kalompok etnik-agamo adolah "karakter sosial, sijarah, jo kayakinannyo". (Swierenga 1990, h. 149)[3]
Panantuan kalompok etnik-agamo
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Umumnyo, kalompok etnik-agamo mangaratian jati etniknyo indak dek jalua katurunannyo atau pun dek katakaikan agamonyo sajo tapi, diaratian labiah kapado kombinasi dari kaduonyo. Sabuah kalompok etnik-agamo mampunyoi hubuangan sijarah jo adaik – nan dapek diaratian sabagai religius – manuruik pandangan etnik tasabuik. Banyak kajadian di mano kalompok-kalompok nan manyabuik kalompoknyo sabagai etnik-agamo tapi labiah basipaik sabagai kalompok etnik-budayo jo sabuah agamo tradisional etnik tasabuik; di lain kajadian, ado pulo kalompok etnik-agamo nan dimuloi sabagai kalompok nan dipasatuan jo agamo nan samo malalui endogami nan bakambang manjadi kalompok budayo nan disandikan kapado katakaikan pandahulunyo.
Babarapo jati kalompok etnik-agamo dipakuek dek pangalaman kalompok tasabuik nan marupokan minoritas nan bamukim di tangah-tangah kalompok nan labiah gadang nan balainan adaik. Kalompok etnik-agamo dapek dikaikan jo nasionalisme etnik kok kalompok etnik-agamo iko manguasoi pondasi sijarah di wilayah tatantu. Banyak kalompok etnik-agamo nan manakanan endogami sacaro agamo, jo basipaik skeptis bilo ado nan bakawin balainan agamo, nan batujuan untuak manjago stabilitas kalompok jo adaiknyo.[4]
Contoh
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Istilah "etnik-agamo" alah dipakai jo sumber-sumber nan baalasan dari etnik-etnik iko
| Kombinasi | Agamo etnik | Etnik nan basandikan agamo |
|---|---|---|
|
Minangkabau
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Unsua-unsua nan tapantiang pado adaik Minangkabau adolah agamo, adaik, jo jalua katurunan. Adaik Minangkabau manganuik prinsip "adaik basandi šarak, šarak basandi Kitabullah". Bilo ado saurang Minangkabau nan manafikan prinsip iko, mako pribadi tasabuik akan dibuang sapanjang adaik. Hukuman iko diagiah dek dewan pangulu dalam nagari atau Kerapatan Adat Nagari malalui proses rapat adaik jo bamušawaraik.[40] Palangga adaik dihukum buang dalam maso tatantu sampai kapado maso nan indak ditantuan. Hukuman iko dikalompokan manjadi buang siriah, buang biduak, jo buang tingkarang. Buang siriah mampunyoi maso hukum tatantu. Buang biduak dapek dibaya jo dando. Ado pulo buang tingkarang nan balaku salamo-lamonyo.[41]
Rujuakan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- ↑ Müller, Marion; Zifonun, Darius (2010-08-05) (dalam bahaso de). Ethnowissen: Soziologische Beiträge zu ethnischer Differenzierung und Migration. Springer-Verlag. pp. 102-103. ISBN 978-3-531-92449-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=bkdNzdmKYQoC&pg=PA103#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ↑ Valerio-Jimenez, Omar; Vaquera-Vasquez, Santiago (2017-06-30) (dalam bahaso en). Latina/o Midwest Reader. University of Illinois Press. pp. 319. ISBN 978-0-252-09980-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=dugqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT319#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ↑ Greer, Joanne Marie; Moberg, David O.; Lynn, Monty L. (2001-04-01) (dalam bahaso en). Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion. BRILL. pp. 45. ISBN 978-1-55938-893-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=YcTWZ52krLsC&pg=PA45#v=onepage&q&f=false. "Historically, each ethnoreligious group had its own social character, historical experience and theological beliefs. (Robert P. Swierenga 1990, p. 149)"
- ↑ Andreas Wimmer. "Democracy and ethno-religious conflict in Iraq" (PDF). www.econstor.eu.
- ↑ Allison, Christine (20 February 2004). "Yazidis i: General". Encyclopædia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1. Diakses pado 20 Agustus 2010.
- ↑ Arakelova, Victoria. "Ethno-Religious Communities Identity markers" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Yerevan State University.
- ↑ Paul R. Ehrlich; Anne H. Ehrlich (30 June 2008). The Dominant Animal: Human Evolution and the Environment. Island Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-1-59726-096-1. https://archive.org/details/dominantanimalhu00ehrl.
- ↑ "Anti-Discrimination (Amendment) Bill: Second Reading". Parliament of New South Wales. 2007-05-12. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-04-04. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2010.
- ↑ Gareth Griffith (February 2006). Sedition, Incitement and Vilification: Issues in the Current Debate. NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service. p. 52. ISBN 0-7313-1792-0. http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/0/57ba30f38d3c969cca25710f0023442f/$FILE/Sedition%20FINAL.pdf. Diakses pado 14 Pebruari 2010.
- ↑ Villalón, Leonardo A., Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick, p. 62, Cambridge University Press (2006), ISBN 9780521032322 [1]
- ↑ Diedrich Westermann, Edwin William Smith, Cyril Daryll Forde, International African Institute, International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, Project Muse, JSTOR (Organization), "Africa: journal of the International African Institute, Volume 63", pp 86–96, 270–1, Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute, 1993
- ↑ Ireton 2003
- ↑ Simon Harrison (2006). Fracturing Resemblances: Identity and Mimetic Conflict in Melanesia and the West. Berghahn Books. pp. 121–. ISBN 978-1-57181-680-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=B9-LF_Of_E8C&pg=PA121.
- ↑ "Part I - Mormons as an Ethno-Religious Group - University Publishing Online". ebooks.cambridge.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-05-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-24.
- ↑ Kutipan rusak: Tag
<ref>indak sah; indak ado teks untuak ref banamoHammond and Warner - ↑ Janzen, Rod; Stanton, Max (2010-09-01) (dalam bahaso en). The Hutterites in North America. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801899256. https://books.google.com/books?id=lgUbHUXmrvYC.
- ↑ Thomas 2006
- ↑ Thiessen, Janis Lee (2013-06-17) (dalam bahaso en). Manufacturing Mennonites: Work and Religion in Post-War Manitoba. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442660595. https://books.google.com/books?id=bYWBAAAAQBAJ.
- ↑ Desplat, Patrick; Østebø, Terje (2013-04-18) (dalam bahaso en). Muslim Ethiopia: The Christian Legacy, Identity Politics, and Islamic Reformism. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137322081. https://books.google.com/books?id=HtxCb3MueY8C.
- ↑ Dekmejian, R. Hrair (1994). "Reviewed Work: Revolution and Genocide: On the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust by Robert F. Melson". The International History Review. 16 (2): 377. JSTOR 40107201.
...both victimized groups [Armenians & Jews] were ethno-religious minorities...
- ↑ For Assyrians as a Christian people, see
- Joel J. Elias, The Genetics of Modern Assyrians and their Relationship to Other People of the Middle East
- Steven L. Danver, Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues, p. 517
- ↑ Kutipan rusak: Tag
<ref>indak sah; indak ado teks untuak ref banamoMartin 1997 - ↑ Zemon, Rubin. "The development of identities among the Muslim population in the Balkans in an era of globalization and Europeanization: Cases of Torbeshi, Gorani and Pomaci".
- ↑ Marty, Martin E. (1997). Religion, Ethnicity, and Self-Identity: Nations in Turmoil. University Press of New England. ISBN 0-87451-815-6. https://archive.org/details/religionethnicit00mart. "[...] the three ethnoreligious groups that have played the roles of the protagonists in the bloody tragedy that has unfolded in the former Yugoslavia: the Christian Orthodox Serbs, the Roman Catholic Croats, and the Muslim Slavs of Bosnia."
- ↑ "Kalash Religion" (PDF).
- ↑ The Challenge in South Asia: Development, Democracy and Regional Cooperation. United Nations University Press. 10 Desember 1989. p. 278. ISBN 9780803996038. https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9DmV9-0on0C&q=Maratha+ethno+religious+group.
- ↑ Timothy P. Barnar (2004). Contesting Malayness: Malay identity across boundaries. Singapore: Singapore University press. p. 7. ISBN 9971-69-279-1.
- ↑ Frith, T. (September 1, 2000). "Ethno-Religious Identity and Urban Malays in Malaysia". Asian Ethnicity. Routledge. 1 (2): 117–129. doi:10.1080/713611705.
- ↑ Minangkabau people. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2015 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- ↑ Ladykowski, P., Estonian Cottage. Setu – ethno-religious borderland group., Warsaw University Press
- ↑ 2016 Report on International Religious Freedom - Somalia
- ↑ Desplat, Patrick; Østebø, Terje (2013-04-18) (dalam bahaso en). Muslim Ethiopia: The Christian Legacy, Identity Politics, and Islamic Reformism. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137322081. https://books.google.com/books?id=HtxCb3MueY8C.
- ↑ Richard J Ellings, Aaron L. Friedberg,Michael Wills (2002). Strategic Asia 2002-03: Asian Aftershocks. National Bureau of Asian Research. p. 368.
- ↑ Touraj Atabaki, ed (2004). Central Asia and the Caucasus:Transnationalism and Diaspora. Routledge. p. 165. ISBN 9781134319947. https://books.google.com/books?id=_EeHWWBpn14C&q=ethno+religious+Uighur&pg=PA165.
- ↑ Hunt, Stephen (13 May 2016). Contemporary Christianity and LGBT Sexualities. Chapter 7: Christians and Gays in Northern Ireland. ISBN 9781317160922. https://books.google.com/books?id=nCopDAAAQBAJ&q=ulster+protestants+%22ethnoreligious%22&pg=PT147. Diakses pado 15 Mai 2017.
- ↑ Byrne, Sean (2000). Social Conflicts and Collective Identities. p. 94. ISBN 9780742500518. https://books.google.com/books?id=L_ALolUT2WsC&q=ulster+protestants+%22ethnoreligious%22&pg=PA94. Diakses pado 15 Mai 2017.
- ↑ It's never too late for 'us' to meet 'them': prior intergroup friendships moderate the impact of later intergroup friendships in educational settings. Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford. https://www.psy.ox.ac.uk/publications/375854. Diakses pado 15 Mai 2017.
- ↑ Ó Lúing, Seán (1953). Art Ó Griofa. Dublin: Sairséal agus Dill. p. 217.
- ↑ NI Curriculum, Teachers' Notes, p. 54
- ↑ Nain, Sjafnir Abu (2006) (dalam bahaso id). Sirih pinang adat Minangkabau: pengetahuan adat Minangkabau tematis. Sentra Budaya. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=gfYMAQAAMAAJ&q=dibuang+sepanjang+adat&dq=dibuang+sepanjang+adat&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDwsOJjITqAhWS4zgGHUW9Dl4Q6AEIXDAF.
- ↑ Navis, A. A. (1984) (dalam bahaso id). Alam terkembang jadi guru: adat dan kebudayaan Minangkabau. Grafiti Pers. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=x6AiAAAAMAAJ&q=%22buang+siriah%22&dq=%22buang+siriah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjj2Nryh4TqAhVDeX0KHTLSCYQQ6AEIKzAA.
Bibliografi
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Sean Ireton (2003). "The Samaritans – A Jewish Sect in Israel: Strategies for Survival of an Ethno-religious Minority in the Twenty First Century". Anthrobase. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-30.
- Barry, David M. (2012), "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND ETHNICITY: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE", Popular Perceptions of the Relationship Between Religious and Ethnic Identities: A Comparative Study of Ethnodoxy in Contemporary Russia and Beyond, Western Michigan University, hlm. 6–19
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- Thomas, Martin (October 2006). "Crisis management in colonial states: Intelligence and counter-insurgency in Morocco and Syria after the First World War". Intelligence & National Security. 21 (5): 697–716. doi:10.1080/02684520600957662.
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