Bosnia jo Herzegovina
Bosnia jo Herzegovina | |
|---|---|
 Bandera
 Lambang
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Lagu kabansoan: Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine Државна химна Босне и Херцеговине "Lagu Kabansoan Bosnia jo Herzegovina" | |
 Lokasi Bosnia jo Herzegovina (ijau) di Eropa (abu-abu pakek) | |
| Ibu kota | Sarajevo[1] 43°52′N 18°25′E / 43.867°N 18.417°E |
| Bahaso resmi (level nagara) | indak ado [1][2][3][4] |
| Demonim | [5][6][7] |
| Pamarintahan | Republik direktorial federal parlementer[7] |
| Christian Schmidt[lower-alpha 1] | |
| Željka Cvijanović | |
| Željko Komšić Denis Bećirović | |
• Katua Dewan Mantari | Borjana Krišto |
| Legislatif | Majlis Parlementer |
| Dewan Rakyat | |
| DPR | |
| Sajarah badiri | |
| Abaik ka-9 | |
| 1154 | |
| 1377 | |
| 1463 | |
| 1878 | |
| 1 Desember 1918 | |
• ZAVNOBiH | 25 November 1943 |
| 29 November 1945 | |
• Mardeka dari Yugoslavia | 3 Maret 1992 |
| 18 Maret 1994 | |
| 14 Desember 1995 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 51,209[8] km2 (19,772 sq mi) (ka-125) |
• Paraian (%) | 1,4% |
| Populasi | |
- Pakiroan 2023 |  3.422.000[8] (ka-135) |
- Sensus Panduduak 2013 | 3.531.159[9] |
| 69/km2 (ka-156) | |
| PDB (KKB) | 2025 |
- Total | ▲ $77,90 miliar[10] (ka-110) |
| ▲ $22.610[10] (ka-83) | |
| PDB (nominal) | 2025 |
- Total | ▲ $29,86 miliar[10] (ka-110) |
| ▲ $8.670[10] (ka-88) | |
| Gini (2015) |  32,7[11]manangah |
| IPM (2023) | ▲ 0,804[12] sangek tinggi · ka-74 |
| Mato pitih | Convertible mark ( BAM) |
| Zona wakatu | CET (UTC+01) |
- Musim paneh (DST) | UTC+02 (CEST) |
| Kode talepon | +387 |
| Ranah Internet | .ba |
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Bosnia jo Herzegovina (Serbo-Kroasia: Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина), disingkek BiH atau B&H, takadang disebuik Bosnia–Herzegovina jo acok sacaro informal sabagai Bosnia, adolah sabuah nagara di Eropa Tenggara, talatak di Balkan. Bosnia jo Herzegovina babatehan jo Serbia di timur, Montenegro di tenggara, sarato Kroasia di utara jo barat daya. Di selatan ado pantai sampik di Lauik Adriatik di Mediterania, nan panjangnyo sakitar 20 kilometer (12 mil) jo mangaliliangi kota Neum.[14][15] Nagara ko talatak di antaro garih lintang 42° jo 46° LU, sarato garih bujua 15° jo 20° BT. Ibu kota jo kota ta gadangnyo iolah Sarajevo.[1]
Bosnia, nan marupokan wilayah padalaman nagara, punyo iklim benua sadang jo musim paneh nan sangaik jo musim dingin basalju. Di wilayah tangah jo timur nagara ko, geografinyo bagunuang-gunuang, di baraik lauik babukik sadang, jo di timur lauik sabagian gadang data. Herzegovina, nan marupokan wilayah selatan nagara nan labiah ketek, punyo iklim Mediterania jo sabagian gadang bagunuang-gunuang.[16]
Manuruik sensus tahun 2013, jumlah panduduaknyo sakitar 3.531.159,[9] manurun 20% dari sensus 1991 nan bajumlah 4.369.319 urang.[17] Sadangkan pakiroan 2020, panduduaknyo bajumlah 3.475.000.[18]
Rujukan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- ↑ a b c "Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 28 October 2015. Diakses tanggal 6 March 2015.
- ↑ Faingold, Eduardo D. (2004). "Language rights and language justice in the constitutions of the world" (PDF). Language Problems & Language Planning. 28 (1): 11–24. doi:10.1075/lplp.28.1.03fai. ISSN 0272-2690. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2020-02-13.
- ↑ Sadurski, Wojciech (2005). Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe. Springer. p. 342. ISBN 1402030061. https://archive.org/details/rightsbeforecour00sadu.
- ↑ Footitt, Hilary; Kelly, Michael (2012). Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 111–120. ISBN 978-0230368774.
- ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina • Country facts". PopulationData.net. 21 March 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 June 2020. Diakses tanggal 8 April 2020.
- ↑ "Danas se iz Norveške kući vraća 13 državljana BiH, a šta je sa ostalima?". MojaBiH (dalam bahasa Bosnia). 5 April 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 June 2020. Diakses tanggal 8 April 2020.
- ↑ a b CIA 2019.
- ↑ a b "Demografija, 2023" (PDF). bhas.gov.ba. Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 31 October 2024. hlm. 26. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2025.
- ↑ a b c Agencija za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine / Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016). "Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2013: Rezultati Popisa / Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013: Final Results" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Bosnia and Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 25 June 2021. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2021.
- ↑ a b c d "Bosnia and Herzegovina Datasets". IMF.
- ↑ "Distribution of family income – Gini index". The World Factbook. TWB. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 October 2017. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2017.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 6 May 2025. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2025.
- ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina". United States Department of State (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-10-20.
- ↑ Field Listing – Coastline Archived 16 July 2017 di Wayback Machine., The World Factbook, 22 August 2006
- ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina: I: Introduction". Bosnia and Herzegovina: I: Introduction. 26 Juni 2006. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563626/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.html. Diakses pado 12 Pebruari 2009. Archived 29 October 2009 di Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Cuvalo, Ante (2010). The A to Z of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. p. lxxi, 154–155. ISBN 978-0810876477.
- ↑ Recknagel, Charles (30 June 2016). "Bosnia Erupts In Feuding Over New Census Data". Radio Free Europe. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 November 2020. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2020.
- ↑ "Demografija, 2020" (PDF). bhas.gov.ba. Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2021-10-29. hlm. 15. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2022-10-09. Diakses tanggal 2022-04-15.
Bacoan tambahan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Allcock, John B., Marko Milivojevic, et al. Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia: An Encyclopedia (1998)
- Bataković, Dušan T. (1996). The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics. Dialogue Association. ISBN 9782911527104. https://books.google.com/books?id=k3xpAAAAMAAJ. Diakses pado 24 September 2016.
- Coupland, Nikolas (2010). The Handbook of Language and Globalization. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-7581-4.
- Evans, Sir Arthur J. (2007). Through Bosnia and the Herzegovina on Foot During the Insurrection, August and September 1875. Cosimo Classics. ISBN 978-1602062702. https://books.google.com/books?id=2VoQAQAAIAAJ. Diakses pado 28 September 2020.
- Hadziselimovic, Omer (2001). At the Gates of the East: British Travel Writers on Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0880334709. https://books.google.com/books?id=kGdpAAAAMAAJ. Diakses pado 28 September 2020.
- Hoare, Marko Attila (2007). The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day. Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0863569531. https://books.google.com/books?id=OWQtAQAAIAAJ. Diakses pado 28 September 2020.
- Holbach, Maude M. (2016). Bosnia and Herzegovina, Some Wayside Wanderings. Palala Press. ISBN 978-1355062769. https://books.google.com/books?id=L_dMAAAAMAAJ. Diakses pado 28 September 2020.
- Albertini, Luigi (1952). The Origins of the War of 1914: European relations from the Congress of Berlin to the eve of the Sarajevo murder. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=udVmAAAAMAAJ. Diakses pado 25 Maret 2016.
- Munro, Robert (2015). Rambles and Studies in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Dalmatia. Palala Press. ISBN 978-1346798868. https://books.google.com/books?id=yd7hPaLXUZIC. Diakses pado 28 September 2020.
- Okey, Robin. Taming Balkan Nationalism: The Habsburg 'Civilizing' Mission in Bosnia, 1878–1914 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)
- Phillips, Douglas A. Bosnia and Herzegovina (Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2004).