Caliak sumber untuak Yak (taranak)

{{Speciesbox
| name               = Yak
| status             = DOM
| image              = Bos grunniens at Letdar on Annapurna Circuit.jpg
| image_caption      = A yak in the [[Nepal]]ese [[Himalayas]].
| taxon              = Bos grunniens
| authority          = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766
}}
'''Yak '''(''Bos grunniens'') adolah salah satu jinih taranak gadang dari kaluargo bovidae barambuik panjang nan alah jinak nan dapek ditamuan di wilayah pagunuangan Himalaya di anak benua India, Dataran Tibet, inggo jauah ka utara ka Mongolia jo [[Rusia]]. Ewan ko adolah katurunan dari yak lia (''Bos mutus'').<ref name="MSW3">{{MSW3 Artiodactyla|id=14200680|page=691}}</ref>

== Etimologi ==
Kato bahaso Inggirih "yak" baasa dari kato bahaso Tibeta g.yag (གཡག་). Dalam bahaso Tibet, kato tu marujuak pado ewan nan jantan sajo, sadang nan batino disabuik ''bri'' (འབྲི་) atau g.''nag'' (གནག). Dalam bahaso Inggirih jo banyak bahaso lainnyo nan mamakai kato tu, namo "yak" bapakai untuak sadonyo jantan jo batino juo.

== Taksonomi ==
Yak tamasuak dalam ''[[Bos]]'', aratinyo spesies nan bakarabaik jo [[jawi]] (''Bos primigenius''). Analisis [[DNA mitokondria]] taradok sijarah evolusi yak alun mandapek asia nan mayakinan.

Muyang Yak mungkin bapisah dari jawi di suatu maso antaro satu inggo limo juta taun nan lalu, dan ado nan mandugo baso yak labiah dakek ubuangannyo jo [[bison]] daripado anggota lainnyo dari kalompok genus tu.<ref name=Guo2006>{{cite journal | author = Guo, S.| year = 2006 | title = Taxonomic placement and origin of yaks: implications from analyses of mtDNA D-loop fragment sequences |url=http://www.mammal.cn/EN/abstract/abstract2079.shtml| journal = Acta Theriologica Sinica | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 325–330|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Fosil-fosil ewan nan jaleh barakabik jo yak, misanyo ''Bos baikalensis'', alah ditamuan di Rusia, inggo muncua pakiroaan jalua nan diambiak dek ewan muyang dari [[bison Amerika]] moderen, nan bantuaknyo sarupo jo yak kutiko masuak ka banua Amerika.<ref name=Leslie2009/>

Awanyo spesies ko dinamoi sabagai ''Bos grunniens'' ("kabau mandangkua") dek [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] pado taun 1766, namun kini ko namo tu anyo dipakai untuak marujuak kapdo jinih Yak nan alah jinak, sadang ''Bos mutus'' ("kabau bisu") adolah namo nan labiah disukoi untuak spesies nan lia. Walaupun babarapo pangarang masih maanggap baso yak lia anyolah [[subspesies]], ''Bos grunniens mutus'', [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|ICZN]] mangaluaan kaputusan rasmi pado 2003<ref name=iczn2027>{{cite journal | author = International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature | year = 2003 | title = Opinion 2027. Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are predated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved | journal = Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature | volume = 60 | pages = 81–84 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34357823}}</ref> untuak maisinan panggunoan namo ''Bos mutus'' untuak [[yak lia]], nan kini adolah panyabuikan nan umum bapakai.<ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2014.2|assessor=Harris, R.B.|assessor2=Leslie, D.|year=2008|id=2892|title=Bos mutus|downloaded=4 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=Leslie2009/><ref name=Gentry2004>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006| title = The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives| journal = Journal of Archaeological Science| volume = 31| issue = 5| pages = 645| year = 2004| last1 = Gentry | first1 = A. | last2 = Clutton-Brock | first2 = J. | last3 = Groves | first3 = C. P. }}</ref>

Salain yak lia nan dianggap sabagai subspesies dari ''Bos grunniens'', indak ado subspesies lain nan diakui dari yak.

== Ciri-ciri fisik ==
[[Berkas:Bos grunniens at Yundrok Yumtso Lake.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Saikua yak jinak di [[Danau Yamdrok]].]]
Yak adolah ewan nan batubuah gadang jo kuaik, bakaki kokoh, bakuku bulek, jo babulu nan sangaik labak jo panjang nan manggantuang labiah randah dari paruiknyo. Bulu yak lia umumnyo bawarna itam kalam atau coklak kaitam-itaman, sadang yak jinak bamacam warnanyo, acok juo ado bercak-bercak coklat atau krem kacoklatan. Talingonyo ketek jo dahinyo leba, sarato tanduaknyo aluih jo umumnyo bawarna kalam. Yak jantan tanduaknyo kalua dari sisi-sisi kapalonyo, kudian malangkuang ka muko. Umumnyo panjangnyo mancapai {{convert|48|to|99|cm|abbr=on}}. Tanduak yak batino labiah ketek, anyo sapanjang {{convert|27|to|64|cm|abbr=on}}, jo bantuaknyo labiah tagak. Baiak yak jantan atau batino punyo lihia nan pendek sarato punuak nan jaleh di baunyo, walaupun punuak nan jantan labiah gadang jo talihek jaleh.<ref name=Leslie2009>{{cite journal | author1 = Leslie, D.M. | author2 = Schaller, G.B. | year = 2009 | title = ''Bos grunniens'' and ''Bos mutus'' (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) | journal = Mammalian Species | volume = 836 | pages = 1–17 | doi = 10.1644/836.1 }}</ref> Barek nan jantan mancapai {{Convert|350|to|580|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, barek nan batino mancapai {{Convert|225|to|255|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Yak lia dapek jauah labiah barek, nan jantan dapek mancapai barek {{convert|1000|kg|lb}}.<ref>Buchholtz, C. (1990). True Cattle (Genus ''Bos''). pp. 386–397 in S. Parker, ed. ''Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Volume 5''. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. (quoted in [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bos_grunniens.html Oliphant, M. (2003). ''Bos grunniens'' (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 4 April 2009])</ref> <!--Depending on the breed, domestic yak males are {{convert|111|-|138|cm|in}} high at the withers, while females are {{convert|105|-|117|cm|in}} high at the withers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/AD347E/ad347e06.htm|title=The Yak. Chapter 2: Yak breeds|website=FAO|access-date=2017-08-31}}</ref>-->
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Both sexes have long shaggy hair with a dense woolly undercoat over the chest, flanks, and thighs to insulate them from the cold. Especially in bulls, this may form a long "skirt" that can reach the ground. The tail is long and horselike rather than tufted like the tails of cattle or bison. Domesticated yaks have a wide range of coat colours, with some individuals being white, grey, brown, roan or [[piebald]]. The [[udder]] in females and the [[scrotum]] in males are small and hairy, as protection against the cold. Females have four [[teat]]s.<ref name=Leslie2009/>

Yaks grunt and, unlike cattle, are not known to produce the characteristic bovine lowing (mooing) sound, which inspired the scientific name of the domestic yak variant, ''Bos grunniens'' (grunting bull).  [[Nikolay Przhevalsky]] named the wild variant ''Bos mutus'' (silent bull), believing that it did not make a sound at all.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/AD347E/ad347e05.htm|title=ORIGINS, DOMESTICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF YAK|last=|first=|date=|website=www.fao.org|access-date=2017-08-31}}</ref>
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== Galeri ==
<gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="140px">
File:Yaks in Manali.jpg|Yak di Manali, Himachal Pradesh, India, bapalano untuak dinaiaki
File:LitangMonastery.jpg|Sakalompok yak di biaro Litang di Garzê Prefektur Otonomi Tibet, Sichuan, Cino
File:Yaks still provide the best way to plow fields in Tibet.jpg|Yak mambajak ladang di Tibet
File:The Yak.jpg|Yak jinak di Nepal
File:YakRace.jpg|Yak di Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
</gallery>

== Caliak juo ==

* Yakalo

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Pautan lua ==
*{{wikispecies-inline|Bos grunniens|Yak (taranak)}}
[[Kategori:Nepal]]