Caliak sumber untuak Sutan Sjahrir

[[Berkas:Soetan_Sjahrir_1948.jpg|jmpl|Sutan Sjahrir pado 1948]]
'''Sutan Sjahrir'''{{efn| Name =  Name|Juo ditulih dalam babagai kombinasi ejaan, tamasuak'''Sutan Syahrir''' jo'''Soetan Sjahrir'''.}} (5 Maret 1909 – 9 April 1966) adolah politikus jo pajuang kamerdekaan Indonesia nan kudian manjabaik sabagai [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Indonesia|Perdana Menteri (PM) patamo Indonesia]] sajak tahun 1945 sampai 1947. Sabalunnyo, inyo marupoan tokoh kunci pergerakan nasionalis Indonesia pado dasawarsa  1930-an sampai 1940-an. Indak saroman kabanyakan pajuang sapantarannyo, inyo samo sakali indak bapihak ka [[Japang]] salamo maso [[Pandudukan Japang di wilayah Hindia Balando|pandudukan Japang di Indonesia]] dan malah manantang Japang. Inyo dianggap sabagai urang idealis dan intelektual.{{sfn|Dotulong|2010}}

Barasa dari keluarga Minangkabau, inyo baraja di [[Universitas Amsterdam]] dan kudian manjadi mahasiswa hukum di [[Universitas Leiden]]. Inyo tertarik ka politik sosialis dan [[pergerakan Indonesia]] mamparoleh kamerdekaan, manjadi konco arek dari pajuang kamerdekaan nan labiah tuo, [[Mohammad Hatta]], yang kudian manjadi [[Daftar Wakia Presiden Indonesia|Wakil Presiden patamo Indonesia]]. Salamo maso pandudukan Japang di [[Hindia Balando]], Sjahrir manunjuakan sikap malawan. Manjalang proklamasi kamerdekaan pado 17 Agustus 1945, inyo terlibat dalam [[kajadian Rengasdengklok]]. Indak lamo saudah inyo mangaluaan pamflet berjudul "Perjuangan Kita" pado 1945, inyo diangkek sabagai PM Indonesia dek Presiden [[Soekarno|Sekarno]]. Sabagai PM, inyo adolah salah satu dari saketek pemimpin Republik nan dapek ditarimo dek pamarentah Balando, dek sikapnyo nan indak kooperatif salamo pandudukan Japang. Inyo juo punyo paran gadang dalam menegosiasikan [[Parundiangan Linggajati]]. 

Sjahrir managakan [[Partai Sosialis Indonesia]] (PSI) pado tahun 1948 untuak manantang [[Partai Komunis Indonesia]] (PKI). Meskipun ketek, partainyo punyo pangaruah gadang pado tahun-tahun awal pasca-kamerdekaan. Namun, partai Sjahrir pado akhianyo gagal maraih dukungan dan kudian ditagahan pado tahun 1960, sasudah partai iko dicurigai terlibat dalam pargolakan [[Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia]] (PRRI). Sjahrir surang malah ditangkok dan dipanjaro tanpa proses pangadilan pado tahun 1962. Pado tahun 1965, inyo dibebaskan untuak mandapek perawatan medis dan diagiah izin untuak pai ka Zurich, Swiss. Di sinan, inyo maningga dunia pado tanggal 9 April 1966. Pado hari nan samo, malalui Keputusan Presiden No. 76/1966, Sjahrir ditetapkan sabagai [[Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia]].{{sfn|Dotulong|2010}}

== Kahidupan awal ==
=== Maso mudo dan keluarga ===
Sutan Sjahrir lahia pado 5 Maret 1909 di [[Padang Panjang]], Sumatera Barat. Inyo barasa dari keluarga Minangkabau, tapeknyo dari [[Koto Gadang, IV Koto, Agam|Nagari Koto Gadang]], [[Kabupaten Agam]] kini.{{sfn|Etek|Mursjid|Arfan|2007| p = 131}} Apaknyo, Muhammad Rasyad Maharajo Sutan, manjabaik sabagai ''Hoofd'' or Kapalo Jaksa di ''Landraad'' [[Medan]]. Mandehnyo, Siti Rabiah, barasa dari Natal, nan kini masuak dalam wilayah [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]].{{sfn|Prasetyo|2021}}{{sfn|Legge|1988| p = 25}}

Ayah Sjahrir manikah anam kali, samantaro ibu Sjahrir adolah istri nan kalimo.{{sfn|Tempo|2009| p = 8}} Dari parnikahan tersebut, Sjahrir punyo banyak adiak-kakak, tamasuak duo saudara laki-laki kanduang. Mereka yakni Soetan Sjahsam, nan kudian bagaluik di bisnis, jo Soetan Noeralamsjah, nan kudian manjadi jaksa panuntuik jo politikus Partai Indonesia Raya (Parindra). Adopun di antaro saudara tirinyo, [[Rohana Kudus]], tanamo sabagai tokoh pajuang pendidikan padusi jo jurnalis surat kaba padusi ''[[Soenting Melajoe]]''.{{sfn|Widijanto|2010}}{{sfn|Legge|1988| p = 25}}

=== Pandidikan awal ===
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret met leerlingen van de openbare Muloschool TMnr 60016264.jpg|thumb|240px|Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) di [[Medan]] sekitar tahun 1920-an.]]
Meskipun barasa dari Padang Panjang, keluarga Sjahrir tingga di Medan, tapi inyo acok dibaok dek apaknyo ka rumah anduangnyo di Koto Gadang, nan kini alah jadi rumah tingga.{{sfn|Tempo|2009| p = 9}} Sjahrir sikolah di [[Europeesche Lagere School]] (ELS), sabalun manyambuang ka [[Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs]] (MULO) di Medan. Salamo di MULO, inyo patamo kali mangenal karya-karya panulih takah [[Karl May]]. Pado tahun 1926, inyo malanjuikan pendidikannyo ka [[Algemene Middelbare School]] (AMS), di [[Bandung]], [[Jawa Barat]].{{sfn|Yohana|2010| p = 22}}{{sfn|Prasetyo|2021}}

Di sinan, inyo bagabuang jo Himpunan Teater Mahasiswa Indonesia (Batovis) sabagai sutradara, panulih, jo aktor.{{sfn|Prasetyo|2021}} Panghasilannyo dari sinan inyo gunoan untuak mandanai 'Universitas Rakyat' (Cahaya), sabuah universitas nan ditagakan Sjahrir, untuak mamberantas buto huruf jo manggalang pitih untuak pamentasan drama patriotik di daerah Priangan.{{sfn|Legge|1988| p = 26}}{{sfn|Yohana|2010| p = 22}} Sjahrir manyalasaian studinyo di AMS pado tahun 1929, dan pai ka Balando untuak kuliah, manggunoan beasiswa.{{sfn|Yohana|2010| p = 26}}

== Parjuangan kamerdekaan ==
===Aktivis mahasiswa nasionalis di Balando===
Sjahrir tibo di Balando pado taun 1929, mandaftar partamo kali di Universitas Amsterdam dan kudian manjadi mahasiswa hukum di Universitas Leiden. Di sinan, apresiasinyo pado prinsip-prinsip sosialis mulai tumbuh.{{sfn|Tas|1969|p=135}} Inyo bagabuang jo babarapo serikat buruh dan inyo pun bakarajo mancari pitih untuk dirinyo surang. Baliau sempat sabanta manjadi Sekretaris [[Perhimpoenan Indonesia]], sabuah organisasi mahasiswa Indonesia di Balando. Sjahrir juo marupoan salah satu pandiri ''Jong Indonesie'', sabuah ikatan pamudo Indonesia bukannyo paralu adonyo ikatan untuak mambantu pakambangan pamuda Indonesia untuak generasi salanjuiknyo, hanyo untuak barubah dalam wakatu babarapo taun ka Pemuda Indonesia. Organisasi iko, khususnyo, punyo peran penting dalam [[Sumpah Pemuda]], yakni mambantu kongres dapek bajalan. Salamo kagiatan politiknyo sabagai mahasiswa di Balando, inyo manjadi kawan arek jo aktivis kamardekaan nan labiah senior, Mohammad Hatta, calon wakil presiden Indonesia. Katiko inyo batahun-tahun diasiangkan dek Balando di Kapulauan Banda, inyo maaja anak-anak satampek untuak mancintoi nagarinyo jo maagiah inspirasi kapado mareka dalam banyak hal.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

Sangkek Perhimpoenan Indonesia barado di bawah pangaruah kumunih nan kian marajalela, Hatta sarato Sjahrir dikaluaan pado tahun 1931.{{sfn|Legge|1988|p=34}} Sabagai reaksi atas intrik nan dibuek dek kalompok komunis di PI terhadap Hatta jo dirinyo, Sjahrir tetap tanang dan taguah jo pandiriannyo. Dalam memoarnyo, kawan Balando mereka, Sol Tas, manganang: “''Inyo indak terintimidasi satu menit pun dek parnyataan resmi atau semi-resmi, dari komunike atau kalompok lainnyo, indak takuik sadatiak pun dengan manuver-manuver nan diarahan ka inyo, dan indak terlalu peduli jo reputasinya. Perpaduan antaro kapercayaan diri jo realisme, kaberanian nan barasaa pado katiadaan ambisi atau kesombongan, manjadi ciri-cirinyo''."{{sfn|Tas|1969|p=143}}

=== Pamimpin nasionalis di Hindia Belanda ===
Sjahrir alun manyaleaaian gala sarjana hukumnyo, sangkek Hatta mengirim Sjahrir mandahuluinyo ka Hindia Belanda pado tahun 1931, untuak mambantu managakan [[Partai Nasional Indonesia]] (PNI). Sjahrir sangat aktif dalam ''[[Daulat Rajat]]'', surek kaba PNI nan baru.{{sfn|Legge|1988|p=35}} Dalam waktu nan relatif singkek, inyo tampil dari mulonyo parpanjangan tangan Hatta manjadi tokoh pamimpin politik jo intelektual nan punyo kadudukan tapandang. Kaduo pamimpin iko dipanjaro di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Cipinang dek Belanda pado bulan Maret 1934. Pado bulan November 1934, kalua putusan bahasono mereka diasiangan ka Boven-Digoel; mereka tibo pada bulan Maret 1935, kudian dipindahan ka Banda satahun sasduah itu, dan sabalun Hindia Belanda jatuah ka tangan Japang pado tahun 1941, dipindahan baliak ka Sukabumi.

Salamo pandudukan Japang di Hindia Belanda, inyo indak banyak berperan di muko umum, dek mandario panyakik TBC.Inyo muncul sabagai salah satu dari saketek pamimpin kamerdekaan nan terlibat dalam gerakan parlawanan terhadap pandudukan Japang. Soekarno, Hatta, jo Sjahrir baiyo-iyo bahasonyo Sjahrir akan mamliliah jalan di bawah tanah untuak mangorganisir parlawanan revolusioner, samantaro nan lain akan malanjuikan karajo samo mereka jo penjajah Jepang..<ref>All 3 biographies (Sukarno, Hatta, Sjahrir) confirm this. See: Mrazek, Rudolf ''Sjahrir: politics in exile in Indonesia'' (SEAP Cornell South East Asia program, 1994) {{ISBN|0-87727-713-3}} P.222</ref><!--

==Prime minister==
[[File:Sutan Sjahrir sidang pleno 1947.jpg|thumb|left|Sjahrir at [[Central Indonesian National Committee|KNIP]] plenary session, 1947 in Malang.]]
[[File:SoetanSjahrir OnzeStrijd Bookcover.jpg|thumb|upright|Our Struggle book cover, 1945]]
At the height of chaos and violence during the early [[Bersiap]] period of the Indonesian revolution, Sjahrir published an epoch-making pamphlet named '[[Our Struggle]]'. Originally published in Dutch as 'Indonesische Overpeinzingen' ('Indonesian Musings'), it was soon thereafter translated into the Indonesian language as 'Perdjoeangan Kita' in 1945 and was then translated into the English language by Charles Wolf Jr. and named 'Out of Exile' published by John Day, New York, 1949. The English version contains a considerable amount of additional text.{{sfn|Kousbroek |2005|p=233}} ''"Perhaps the high point of his career was the publication of his pamphlet 'Our Struggle'. Whoever reads that pamphlet today can scarcely comprehend what it demanded in insight and courage. For it appeared at a moment when the Indonesian masses, brought to the boiling point by the Japanese occupation and civil war, sought release in racist and other hysterical outbursts. Sjahrir's pamphlet went directly against this, and many must have felt his call for chivalry, for the understanding of other ethnic groups, as a personal attack."'' Sal Tas.{{sfn|Tas|1969|p=150}}

After writing his pamphlet he was appointed prime minister by President [[Sukarno]] in November 1945 and served until June 1947. Professor Wertheim describes Sjahrir's early accomplishments as prime minister as follows: ''"...Sjahrir knows what he wants and will not be distracted by popular sentiment or circumstantiality. He is able to overturn a ministry fabricated by the Japanese and establish a new ministry of honest, fairly capable, fairly democratic and social minded men under his leadership. No small feat in revolutionary circumstances..."''<ref>Wertheim, W.F.{{cite web |url=http://www.insideindonesia.org/edition-57/pak-wertheim |title=Pak Wertheim - Inside Indonesia - a quarterly magazine on Indonesia and its people, culture, politics, economy and environment |access-date=30 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706035654/http://www.insideindonesia.org/edition-57/pak-wertheim |archive-date=6 July 2010 }}''"Nederland op de tweesprong."'' (Publisher: Van Loghum Slaterus, Amsterdam, 1946)</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2019}}

Due to his non-cooperative stance during the Japanese occupation, he was one of the few Republican leaders acceptable to the Dutch government during the early independence negotiations. In 1946 Sjahrir played a crucial role in negotiating the [[Linggadjati Agreement]]. Because his thoughts were ahead of his time he was often misunderstood and started to acquire internal political adversaries.<ref>Anwar, Rosihan (2010) ''Sutan Sjahrir: Demokrat Sejati, Pejuang Kemanusiaan'' ("Sutan Sjahrir: True Democrat, Fighter for Humanity"), Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kompas : KITLV Press, 2010 {{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/arts/remembering-sutan-sjahrir/366483 |title=Remembering Sutan Sjahrir &#124; the Jakarta Globe |access-date=22 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405173837/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/arts/remembering-sutan-sjahrir/366483 |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>One of his opponents was [[Subandrio]] who became Sukarno's right hand man and was later on involved in Sjahrir's imprisonment. Mrazek, Rudolf ''Sjahrir: politics in exile in Indonesia'' (SEAP Cornel South East Asia program, 1994) {{ISBN|0-87727-713-3}} P.464</ref>

<blockquote>''If we determine the value of Indonesia's freedom by its genuinely democratic quality, then in our political struggle vis-a-vis the outside world, it is for this inner content that we must strive. "The State of the Republic of Indonesia" is only a name we give to whatever content we intend and hope to provide.'' In 'Perdjoeangan Kita' (Our Struggle), October 1945, Sjahrir.<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924023089547&view=1up&seq=39 Sjahrir (1945)]</ref></blockquote>

==Political leader==
[[File:Sjahrir speaking at 1955 PSI election rally in Bali.jpg|thumb|upright|Sjahrir speaking at a PSI election rally in Bali in 1955]]
Although Sjahrir was one of the most significant Indonesian politicians of his time, he did not engage in politics through a sense of vocation nor out of interest, but rather through a sense of duty to his country and compatriots and commitment to his democratic ideals. Described as an [[omnivorous]] intellectual Sjahrir had education at the heart of his passion. When he was appointed prime minister in 1945, he was the youngest prime minister in the world, only being 36 years old.{{sfn|Tas|1969|p=148}}
 <blockquote>''"I really find teaching the greatest work there is, for helping young people to shape themselves is one of the noblest tasks of society."'' Sutan Sjahrir.{{sfn|Tas|1969|p=148}}</blockquote>
 
Sjahrir founded the [[Socialist Party of Indonesia|Indonesian Socialist Party]] (PSI) in 1948 to politically oppose the [[Communist Party of Indonesia|Indonesian Communist Party]] (PKI). Sutan's socialist party ultimately failed to win support and was later banned in 1960.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/547199/Sutan-Sjahrir Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref> Already in the mid-1930s 1930s Sjahrir warned about the tendency of socialists to be dragged into the notions of the extreme [[political left]]. Sjahrir described his fear of the trend of socialists to adopt ideas of communist [[Moral absolutism|absolutism]] as follows: ''"Those socialist activists, with all good intentions, suddenly and unnoticed become 'absolute' thinkers, 'absolutely' discarding freedom, 'absolutely' spitting on humanity and the rights of the individual.[...]They envision the terminus of human development as one huge military complex of extreme order and discipline [...]"''<ref>Sjahrir, Soetan ''"Indonesische overpeinzingen"'' (Publisher: Bezige Bij, Amsterdam, 1945)</ref>

Although small, his party was very influential in the early post-independence years, because of the expertise and high education levels of its leaders. However, the party performed poorly in the 1955 elections, partly because the grassroots constituency at the time was unable to fully understand the concepts of social democracy Sjahrir was trying to convey.<ref>Anwar, Rosihan (2010) ''Sutan Sjahrir: Demokrat Sejati, Pejuang Kemanusiaan'' ("Sutan Sjahrir: True Democrat, Fighter for Humanity") Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kompas : KITLV Press, 2010</ref> {{sfn|Dotulong |2010|p=}} It was banned by President [[Sukarno]] in August 1960 because it supported a [[Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia|rebellion in Sumatra]] and his opposition to the president's policies.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=420}}

==Final years==
In 1962 Sjahrir was jailed on alleged conspiracy charges for which he was never put on trial. Instead of fighting back and creating more conflicts, he chose to step back from politics and accept the consequences. During his imprisonment he suffered from high blood pressure and in 1965 had a stroke, losing his speech. He was sent to [[Zürich]], Switzerland for treatment and died there in exile in 1966.

==Legacy==
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangpop voorstellende Sutan Syahrir de eerste Indonesische premier van Indonesië TMnr 4551-2.jpg|thumb|[[Wayang]] model of Sutan Sjahrir]]
Although a revolutionary opponent of Dutch colonialism his intellectual prowess was recognised by his adversaries and he remained highly respected in the Netherlands.<ref>In the Netherlands there are even streets named after Sjahrir. See image of Sjahrirstraat in [[Leiden]]:[http://www.sutansjahrir.com/components/com_zoom/www/view.php?popup=1&q={obfs:225227208219224263275286227215212265217223203263274274274286227215212265219209259224215219214263286227215212265220219208263275}]{{dead link|date=January 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>  After he died in 1966 the former Dutch Prime Minister Professor Schermerhorn commemorated Sjahrir in a public broadcast on national radio, calling him a ''"noble political warrior"'' with ''"high ideals"'' and expressing the hope that he would be recognised as such by the next generations in Indonesia.<ref>Historical Audio Archive: Schermerhorn, Willem ''In Memoriam: Soetan Sjahrir'', (RNW, 1966). Full audio file: [http://blogs.rnw.nl/haa/b211708a1-in-memoriam-soetan-sjahrir-uitgesproken-door-prof-willem-schermerhorn-1966-04-06#] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727113308/http://blogs.rnw.nl/haa/b211708a1-in-memoriam-soetan-sjahrir-uitgesproken-door-prof-willem-schermerhorn-1966-04-06|date=27 July 2011}}. Image of Schermerhorn & Sjahrir: [http://www.sutansjahrir.com/components/com_zoom/www/view.php?popup=1&q={obfs:225227208219224263275286227215212265217223203263272273286227215212265219209259224215219214263286227215212265220219208263275}]</ref>

In the 21st century Sjahrir's legacy in Indonesia is being publicly rehabilitated.<ref>Newspaper article, Jakarta Post 2009 'Sutan Sjahrir, teacher of the nation.'[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/03/10/sutan-sjahrir-teacher-nation.html] Retrieved 23 September 2010</ref><ref>News article, Jakarta Globe 2010 'Remembering Sutan Sjahrir' {{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/arts/remembering-sutan-sjahrir/366483 |title=Remembering Sutan Sjahrir &#124; the Jakarta Globe |access-date=22 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405173837/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/arts/remembering-sutan-sjahrir/366483 |archive-date=5 April 2012 }} Retrieved 23 September 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/03/11/sjahrir-'a-model-young'.html 'Sjahrir 'a model for the young.'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000707/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/03/11/sjahrir-%E2%80%98a-model-young%E2%80%99.html |date=5 March 2016 }} ''The Jakarta Post'' 2009</ref>

In 2009 Indonesian Foreign Minister [[Hassan Wirajuda]] said: ''"He was a thinker, a founding father, a humanistic leader and a statesman. He should be a model for the young generation of Indonesians. His thoughts, his ideas and his spirit are still relevant today as we face global challenges in democracy and the economy."''<ref>Quoted in a news article by Multa Fidrus in ''The Jakarta Post'', 3 November 2009.</ref> -->

== Catatan ==
{{notelist}}

== Rujuakan ==
=== Daftar pustaka ===
{{reflist|2}}

=== Bacoan lanjuik ===
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book | last = Algadri | first = Hamid | title = Prime Minister Sjahrir, as Statesman and Diplomat: How the Allies became friends of Indonesia and opponents of the Dutch | publisher = Pustaka LP3ES | place = Jakarta | year = 1994 | isbn = 979-8391-41-1}}
* {{cite book| last = Anderson| first = Benedict R. O'G| author-link = Benedict Anderson| title = Java in a time of revolution: occupation and resistance, 1944–1946| publisher = Cornell University Press| place = Ithaca, NY| year = 1972| isbn = 0801406870| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/javaintimeofrevo0000ande}}
* {{cite book | last1 = Etek | first1 = Azizah | last2 = Mursjid | last3 = Arfan | title = Koto Gadang masa kolonial|language = id|trans-title = Gadang City [Bukitinggi] in Colonial Times| publisher = Lkis Pelangi Aksara | place = Yogjakarta | year = 2007| isbn = 978-9791283298}}
* {{cite news|newspaper= [[The Jakarta Globe]]|first= Corinne |last= Dotulong |title=Remembering Sutan Sjahrir |date = 29 March 2010|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/arts/remembering-sutan-sjahrir/366483 |access-date=18 November 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405173837/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/arts/remembering-sutan-sjahrir/366483 |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Cribb | first1 = Robert | last2 = Kahin | first2 = Audrey | title = Historical Dictionary of Indonesia | publisher = Scarecrow Press | date = 2004 | isbn = 9780810849358}}
* {{cite book | last= Kousbroek |first = Rudy | title = Het Oostindisch kampsyndroom|trans-title = The East Indies Camp Syndrome| publisher = Olympus | year = 2005| isbn = 978-90-467-0203-1|oclc = 66435443}}
* {{cite book | last = Legge| first = J.D.| title = Intellectuals and Nationalism in Indonesia: A Study of the Following Recruited by Sutan Sjahrir in Occupied Jakarta| publisher = Cornell University Press | place = Ithaca, NY | year = 1988|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924050945843&view=1up&seq=4| isbn = 0-87763-034-8}}
* {{cite book | last = Mrázek | first = Rudolf | title = Sjahrir: Politics and Exile in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell Southeast Asia Program | place = Ithaca, NY | year = 1994 | isbn = 978-0-87727-713-2}}
* {{Cite book | last = Ricklefs | first = M.C. | author-link = M. C. Ricklefs | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CkVvAAAAMAAJ | url-access = | publisher = MacMillan | location = London | edition = 4th | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0-230-54685-1}}
* {{Cite journal | last = Tas | first = Sal | translator-last = McVey | translator-first = Ruth | title = Souvenirs of Sjahrir | journal = Indonesia | volume = 8 | date = 1969 | issue = 8 | pages = 135–154 | publisher = Cornell University Southeast Asia Program | place = Ithaca, NY | doi = 10.2307/3350672 | jstor = 3350672 | url = https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53467/INDO_8_0_1107140084_135_154.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}
* {{cite book | last1 = Yohana | author-link1 = | date = 18 June 2010 | title = Sutan Sjahrir, sosialisme, dan perjuangan kemerdekaan | trans-title = Sutan Sjahrir, socialism and the struggle for independence | url = https://repository.usd.ac.id/27422/2/054314001_Full%5B1%5D.pdf | url-access = | language = id | publisher = [[Sanata Dharma University]] | isbn = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = 21 November 2021}}
* {{cite web | url = https://www.limapagi.id/detail/urs4S/biografi-singkat-sutan-syahrir | url-access = | title = Biografi Singkat Sutan Syahrir, Pahlawan Indonesia Ahli Diplomasi | last = Prasetyo | first = Arif | author-link =  | date = 1 September 2021 | website = www.limapagi.id | publisher = Limapagi Network | language = id | trans-title = Short Biography of Sutan Syahrir, Indonesian Hero, and Diplomacy Expert | access-date = 21 November 2021 | archive-url = | archive-date =}}
* {{cite book | last1 = Tempo | author-link1 = Tempo (Indonesian magazine) | year = 2009 | title = Tempo Edisi Khusus: Sjahrir | trans-title = Tempo: Special edition: Sjahrir | url = https://perpus.menpan.go.id/uploaded_files/temporary/DigitalCollection/Yzk1MjllY2RmY2FjMGUxNjM2MzEyNmI0OGM0NjQxMTkxYjcyMTRmZA==.pdf | url-access = | language = id | publisher = [[Tempo (Indonesian magazine)|Tempo]] | isbn = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = 21 November 2021}}
* {{cite web | url = https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/03/05/03115060/Menjaga.Bung.Sjahrir...?page=all | url-access = | title = Menjaga Bing Sjahrir | last = Widijanto | first = Thomas Pudjo | author-link = Kompas  | date = 5 March 2010 | website = nasional.kompas.com | publisher = [[Kompas]] | language = id | trans-title = | access-date = 23 November 2021 | archive-url = | archive-date =}}
{{refend}}

== Pautan lua ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120328061041/http://www.sutansjahrir.com/index.php?option=com_zoom&Itemid=59&catid=1 Foto-foto Sutan Sjahrir]

{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{Kotak_suksesi|jabatan = [[Ketua Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat]]|tahun =1945|pendahulu = [[Kasman Singodimedjo]]|pengganti =[[Soepeno]]}}
{{S-new|office}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Perdana Menteri Indonesia]]|years=1945–1947}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Amir Sjarifoeddin]]}}
{{Kotak_suksesi|jabatan = [[Menteri Luar Negeri Indonesia]]|tahun =1945–1947|pendahulu = [[Achmad Soebardjo]]|pengganti =[[Agus Salim]]}}
{{Kotak_suksesi|jabatan = [[Menteri Dalam Negeri Indonesia]]|tahun =1945–1946|pendahulu = [[R.A.A. Wiranatakusumah]]|pengganti =[[Sudarsono Mangoenadikoesoemo|Sudarsono]]}}
{{End}}

[[Kategori:Tokoh Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Politikus Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh sosialis Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Pahlawan nasional Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Pardano Mantari Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Duta Besar Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Mantari Dalam Nagari Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Mantari Lua Nagari Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Padangpanjang]]