Caliak sumber untuak Sabah

{{ANT}}

{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
|name                    = Sabah
|native_name             =
|native_name_lang        = Saba'
|official_name          = Negeri Sabah<br>{{script/Arabic|نڬري سابه}}
|nickname               = ''Negeri di Bawah Bayu''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sabah.gov.my/main/ms/Home/About|title=Mengenai Sabah (About Sabah)|language=bahasa Melayu|publisher=[[Government of Sabah|Sabah State Government]]|accessdate=19-05-2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519124851/http://www.sabah.gov.my/main/ms/Home/About|archivedate=2016-05-19|deadurl=yes}}</ref><br>{{small|Land Below The Wind}}<ref name="sbh">{{cite web|url=http://www.sabah.gov.my/main/en/Home/About|title=About Sabah|publisher=Sabah State Government|accessdate=20-05-2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520105020/http://www.sabah.gov.my/main/en/Home/About|archivedate=2016-05-20|deadurl=yes|language=bahasa Inggris}}</ref>
|settlement_type         = [[Daftar nagara bagian di Malaysia|Nagara Bagian]]
|image_skyline           =
|imagesize               =
|image_alt               =
|image_caption           =
|image_flag              = Flag of Sabah.svg
|flag_size               =
|flag_alt                =
|image_shield            = Coat of arms of Sabah.svg
|shield_size             =
|shield_alt              =
|motto                   = ''Sabah Maju Jaya''
|anthem                  = ''[[Sabah Tanah Airku]]''<br>
|image_map               = Sabah in Malaysia.svg
|mapsize                 =
|map_alt                 =
|map_caption             = <center>{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=silver}}'''Sabah''' di {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}}'''[[Malaysia]]'''</center>
|latd  = 5|latm  = 15|latNS  = N
|longd = 117|longm = 0|longEW = E
|coordinates_type        =
|coordinates_display     = title
|subdivision_type        =
|subdivision_name        = Malaysia
|seat_type               = [[Ibu kota]]
|seat                    = [[Kota Kinabalu]]
|leader_title           = [[Daftar Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah|Yang di-Pertua Negeri]]
|leader_name            = [[Juhar Mahiruddin]]
|leader_title1           = [[Ketua Menteri Sabah|Ketua Menteri]]
|leader_name1            = [[Musa Aman]] ([[Barisan Nasional|BN]])
|area_footnotes          =<ref name="sbh"/>
|area_magnitude          = 1 E10
|area_total_km2          = 72500
|population_footnotes    =<ref name="2015 population">{{cite web|url=http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html|title=Population by States and Ethnic Group|publisher=Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia|year=2015|accessdate=12-02-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212125740/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html|archivedate=2016-02-12|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
|population_total        = 3543500
|population_as_of        = 2015
|population_density_km2  = auto
|population_demonym      = Urang Sabah
|population_note         =
|timezone1               = [[Wakatu Standar Malaysia|MST]]
|utc_offset1             = +8
|demographics_type1      = [[Indeks Pambangunan Manusia]]
|demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref> tags -->
|demographics1_title1    = IPM (2010)
|demographics1_info1     = 0.643&nbsp;(<span style="color:#fc0;">sedang</span>) ([[Daftar negara bagian di Malaysia|ke-14]])
|postal_code_type        = [[Daftar kodepos di Malaysia|Kode pos]]
|postal_code             = 88xxx to 91xxx
|area_code_type          = [[Kode telepon]]
|area_code               = 087 <small>(Distrik Dalam)</small> <br>088 <small>([[Kota Kinabalu]] & [[Kudat]])</small> <br>089 <small>([[Lahad Datu]], [[Sandakan]] & [[Tawau]])</small>
|registration_plate      = SA,SAA,SAB <small>([[Kota Kinabalu]] & [[Kota Belud]])</small> <br>SB <small>([[Beaufort, Sabah|Beaufort]])</small> <br>SD <small>([[Lahad Datu]])</small> <br>SK <small>([[Kudat]])</small> <br>SS <small>([[Sandakan]])</small> <br>ST <small>([[Tawau]])</small> <br>SU <small>([[Keningau]])</small>
|blank_name_sec1         = Nama sebelumnya
|blank_info_sec1         = [[Borneo Utara]]
|blank_name_sec2         = [[Sajarah Brunei|Kesultanan Brunei]]
|blank_info_sec2         = abad ke-15<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2008/09/21/how_brunei_lost_its_northern_province|title=How Brunei lost its northern province|author=Rozan Yunos|publisher=[[The Brunei Times]]|date=21 September 2008|accessdate=28 Oktober 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20131028101904/http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2008/09/21/how_brunei_lost_its_northern_province|archivedate=28 October 2013|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
|blank1_name_sec2        = [[Kasultanan Sulu|Kasultanan Sulu (Sabah Timur)]]
|blank1_info_sec2        = 1658
|blank2_name_sec2        = [[Borneo Utara|Borneo Utara Baritania Rayo]]
|blank2_info_sec2        = 1882
|blank3_name_sec2        = Masa Pendudukan Jepang
|blank3_info_sec2        = 1941–1945
|blank4_name_sec2        = Koloni Karajaan Inggirih
|blank4_info_sec2        = 1946
|blank5_name_sec2        = Pamarintahan surang
|blank5_info_sec2        = 31 Agustus 1963<ref name="Group">{{cite book|author=Oxford Business Group|title=The Report: Sabah 2011 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nKJoQ4o-_DsC&pg=PA13|accessdate=26-05-2013|publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-36-1 |pages=10-133 |language=bahasa Inggris}}</ref><ref name="SG">{{cite book|author=Frans Welman|title=Borneo Trilogy Volume 1: Sabah |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=glG-WBH8hkQC&pg=PA159|accessdate=28-05-2013|publisher=Booksmango|isbn=978-616-245-078-5|pages=159–}}</ref> 
|blank6_name_sec2        = Panyatuan jo [[Federasi Malaya]] untuak mambantuak [[Malaysia]]<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/35/pdfs/ukpga_19630035_en.pdf Malaysia Act 1963]</ref>
|blank6_info_sec2        = 16 September 1963<ref name="Agreement relating to Malaysia">{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20750/volume-750-I-10760-English.pdf|title=No. 10760: Agreement relating to Malaysia (between between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore|accessdate=22-01-2014|publisher=United Nations|work=United Nations Treaty Collection|format=pdf|year=1963|month=Juli}}</ref>
|website                 = [http://www.sabah.gov.my/ www.sabah.gov.my]
|footnotes               =
}}
[[Berkas:Malaysia Act 1963.pdf|jmpl|160px|Pajanjian Malaysia 1963 (dokumen)]]
'''Sabah''' ([[Bahaso Jawi|Jawi]]: صباح) adolah salah satu nagara bagian di [[Malaysia]] jo juo marupoan salah satu dari 13 nagara bagian pandiri di dalam pasakutuan [[Malaysia]].<ref name="Agreement relating to Malaysia"/> Sabah adolah nagara bagian kaduo tagadang di Malaysia satalah [[Sarawak]]. Sabah berbatasan juo jo Provinsi [[Kalimantan Utara]], [[Indonesia]], di selatan. Ibu kota nagara bagian iko adolah [[Kota Kinabalu]]. Sabah acok disabuik sabagai "Negeri di Bawah Bayu" (''Land Below the Wind''), sabuah frasa nan digunoan dek palauik pado maso dulu untuak manggambaran daratan di selatan sabuak topan.

== Etimologi ==
Asa mulo namo ''Sabah'' masih alun jaleh,jo banyak teori nan muncul. Salah satu teori adolah baso pado maso Sabah marupoan bagian dari [[Brunei Darussalam#Sajarah Brunei|Kasultanan Brunei]], di daerah pantai wilayah tasabuik banyak ditamuan ''pisang saba'' (dikenal juo jo namo ''pisang manurun'')<ref name="Sabah origin">{{cite web|url=http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/portalBI/list.php?ttl_id=34|title=Origin of Place Names – Sabah|publisher=[[National Library of Malaysia]]|year=2000|accessdate=03-06-2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209105734/http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/portalBI/list.php?ttl_id=34&section=sm03|archivedate=2008-02-09|deadurl=yes}}</ref> nan tumbuah sacaro laweh jo populer di [[Brunei]].<ref name="Hanum1989">{{cite book|author=Zakiah Hanum|title=Asal usul negeri-negeri di Malaysia|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=y5UsAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|language=Malay|publisher=Times Books International|isbn=978-9971-65-467-2}}</ref> [[Suku Bajau]] manyabuiknyo ''pisang jaba''.<ref name="Hanum1989"/> Namo ''Saba''  marujuak juo pado [[Pisang kepok|salah satu varietas pisang]] dalam [[bahaso Tagalog]] jo [[bahaso Visaya|Visaya]]. Salain itu, dalam bahaso Visaya kato itu juo bararti "bising".<ref name="sabah history">{{cite web|url=http://repository.um.edu.my/99765/1/06.WONG.pdf|title=The Name of Sabah and the Sustaining of a New Identity in a New Nation|author=Danny Wong Tze Ken|publisher=[[University of Malaya]] Repository |format=PDF |year=2015 |accessdate=25-02-2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225022550/http://repository.um.edu.my/99765/1/06.WONG.pdf |archivedate=25-02-2016|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Mungkin karano dialek, kato ''Saba'' disabuik ''Sabah'' dek masyarakaik lokal.<ref name="Sabah origin"/>

Saaik Brunei manjadi salah satu [[nagara vasal]] [[Majapahit]], naskah babahaso Jawa Kuno [[Kakawin Nagarakretagama]] karya [[Empu Prapañca]] manyabuik wilayah nan kini Sabah jo namo ''Seludang''.<ref name="Group"/><ref name="Sabah origin"/> Samantaro itu, walaupun Tiongkok alah bakait jo [[Pulau Borneo]] sajak zaman [[Dinasti Han]],<ref name="ancient china">{{cite web|url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1999_num_58_3_3538|title=Chinese Migration to Sabah Before the Second World War|author=Danny Wong Tze Ken |publisher=Persée |year=1999 |accessdate=06-06-2016 |volume=58 |pages=31–158}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp236_china_borneo_santubong.pdf|title=Examining the Connection Between Ancient China and Borneo Through Santubong Archaeological Sites|author1=Wan Kong Ann|author2=Victor H. Mair|author3=Paula Roberts|author4=Mark Swofford|work=Tsinghua University and Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, [[University of Pennsylvania]]|publisher=Sino-Platonic Papers|date=April 2013|accessdate=14-05-2016|format=PDF|issn=2157-9687|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514050717/http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp236_china_borneo_santubong.pdf|archivedate=2016-05-14|deadurl=yes}}</ref> mareka  indak mamiliki namo kusuih untuak wilayah itu. Baru pado maso [[Dinasti Song]], mareka  manyabuik Borneo jo namo Po Ni (disabuik juo Bo Ni), nan marupoan namo nan samo nan marujuak pado Kasultanan Brunei pado saaik itu.<ref name="sabah history"/> Karano lokasi Sabah bahubuangan jo Brunei, takasan baso ''Sabah'' adolah sabuah kato dalam [[bahaso Malayu Brunei]] nan bararti hulu atau "di arah utaro".<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iGLjAAAAMAAJ|title=The Origin of the name 'Sabah'|author=Allen R. Maxwell|periodical=Sabah Society Journal|volume=VII |number=2|year=1981–1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27547/27547-h/27547-h.htm|title=British Borneo: Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan, and North Borneo|author=W. H. Treacher|publisher=The Project Gutenberg eBook|year=1891|accessdate=15-10-2009|page=95}}</ref> Karano lokasi Sabah bakaitan jo [[Brunei Darussalam|Brunei]], "Sabah" adolah suatu kato dalam [[bahaso Malayu Brunei]] nan bararti hulu atau "di arah utark".<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Origin of the name 'Sabah'|author=Allen R. Maxwell|periodical=Sabah Society Journal|volume=VII (No. 2)|year=1981–1982}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|publisher=The Project Gutenberg eBook|title=British Borneo: Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan, and North Borneo|year=1891|page=95|accessdate=15-10-2009|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27547/27547-h/27547-h.htm|author=W. H. Treacher}}</ref> Teori lain manyatoan baso namo itu barasal dari kato dalam [[bahaso Malayu]] ''sabak'' nan bararti tampek [[gulo saka]] diekstrak. ''Sabah'' juo marupoan satu kato dalam [[bahaso Arab]] nan bararti matoari tabik. Banyaknyo teori manyababan asa mulo sabananyo dari namo ''Sabah'' sulik ditantuan.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=New Straits Times|author=Kaur, Jaswinder|title=Getting to Root of the Name Sabah|date=16-09-2008}}</ref>

== Sajarah ==

=== Prasajarah ===
[[Berkas:Madai Sabah Madai-Cave-01.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Guo Madai]]
Bukti sajarah paliang awal nan manunjuakan kahidupan manusia di wilayah iko adolah ditamuannyo paralatan batu jo siso-siso makanan dari ekskavasi di sapanjang wilayah Taluak Darvel di guo Madai-Baturong dakek Sungai Tingkayu nan dipakirakan barasal dari 20.000—30.000 taun nan lalu.<ref name="MacKinnon1996">{{cite book|author=Kathy MacKinnon|title=The Ecology of Kalimantan|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=70iB6Tf62OkC&pg=PA55 |language=bahasa Inggris|year=1996|publisher=Periplus Editions|isbn=978-0-945971-73-3|pages=55–57|quote=Since 1980, the Sabah Museum staff have carried out excavations in the Madai and Baturong limestone massifs, at caves and open sites dated back 30,000 years. Baturong is surrounded by large area of alluvial deposits, formed by the damming of the Tingkayu River by a lava flow. The Tingkayu stone industry shows a unique level of skills for its period. The remains of many mammals, snakes, and tortoises were found, all food items collected by early occupants of the rock shelters.}}</ref> Manusia partamo di wilayah itu didugo manyarupoi urang Aborigin Australia, tatapi alasan hilangnyo kabaradoan mareka  indak dikatahui.<ref name="sabah info">{{cite web|url=http://www.sabah.edu.my/kaupin/guest/sabah/sabah_forever.htm|title=About Sabah|work=Sabah Tourism Promotion Corporation and Sabah State Museum|publisher=Sabah Education Department|accessdate=15-05-2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515105207/http://www.sabah.edu.my/kaupin/guest/sabah/sabah_forever.htm|archivedate=2016-05-15|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Taun 2003, babarapo arkeolog manamuan Lambah Mansuli di distrik [[Lahad Datu]] nan manunjuakan sajarah Sabah 235.000 taun nan lalu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/04/10/archaeologists-hit-gold-at-mansuli/|title=Archaeologists hit ‘gold’ at Mansuli|author=Durie Rainer Fong|publisher=The Star|date=10-04-2012|accessdate=26-04-2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030100432/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2012/04/10/Archaeologists-hit-gold-at-Mansuli/|archivedate=30-10-2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Migrasi [[Mongoloid]] partamo ka selatan tajadi sakitar 5.000 taun man lalu,<ref name="sabah info"/> dibuktikan dari ditamuannyo situs arkeologi di Bukik Tengkorak, [[Semporna]] nan takenal karano manjadi tampek pambuatan tembikar tagadang di [[Asia Tenggara]] pado zaman [[Neolitikum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seaa-web.org/bulletin2008/bul-essay-08-01.htm|title=Prehistoric Sites and Research in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia|author=Stephen Chia|work=Centre for Archaeological Research Malaysia, University of Science, Malaysia|publisher=Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology|year=2008|accessdate=23-05-2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523083324/http://www.seaa-web.org/bulletin2008/bul-essay-08-01.htm|archivedate=2016-05-23|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.sabah.gov.my/?q=content/bukit-tengkorak-archaeological-sites-semporna|title=Bukit Tengkorak Archaeological Sites, Semporna|publisher=Sabah Museum Department |accessdate=26-04-2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325001742/http://museum.sabah.gov.my/?q=content/bukit-tengkorak-archaeological-sites-semporna|archivedate=25-03-2016|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Babarapo [[Antropologi|antropolog]], misalnyo S.G. Tan jo Thomas R. Williams, mayakini baso ras Mongoloid tasabuik (kini adolah urang Kadazan-Dusun, [[Rumpun Murut|Murut]], [[Urang Sungai]], dll.)<ref name="sabah info"/> barasal dari [[Tiongkok Selatan]] jo [[Vietnam Utara]] sarato marupoan karabat dakek dari sajumlah suku pribumi di Filipina jo Formosa (Taiwan), sarato Sarawak jo wilayah lain di [[Kalimantan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1834-4461.1968.tb00985.x/abstract |title=Ethnographic Research in northern Borneo|author=Thomas R. Williams|work=[[University of Sydney]]|publisher=[[Wiley Online Library]] |date=September 1968|accessdate=15-05-2016|doi=10.1002/j.1834-4461.1968.tb00985.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/files/452/12221335.pdf|title=Genetic Relationship between Kadazans and Fifteen other Southeast Asian Races|author=S.G. Tan|work=Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, [[Universiti Pertanian Malaysia]]|publisher=CORE Repository|page=28 (1/4)|date=3 January 1979|accessdate=15-05-2016|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515115212/https://core.ac.uk/download/files/452/12221335.pdf|archivedate=15 May 2016|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1204787/pdf/ge1301139.pdf |title=Southeast Asian Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Reveals Genetic Continuity of Ancient Mongoloid Migrations|author1=S. W. Ballinger |author2=Theodore G. Schurr|author3=Antonio Torroni|author4=Y. Y. Gan|author5=J. A. Hodge|author6=K. Hassan|author7=K. H. Chens|author8=Douglas C. Wallace|work=Departments of Biochemistry, Pediatrics, and Anthropology, Emory University School Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Institute of Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur and Department of Mathematics, University of California|publisher=CORE Repository |page=144 (6/14)|date=29-08-1991|accessdate=15-05-2016|format=PDF}}</ref>

=== Kasultanan Brunei dan Sulu ===
Pado abaik ka-7 Masehi, sabuah nagari jajahan [[Sriwijaya]] banamo Wijayapura dipakiroan baradk di barat lauik Borneo.<ref name="Hutton2000">{{cite book|author=Wendy Hutton|title=Adventure Guides: East Malaysia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWO5Va53GkgC&pg=PA31 |accessdate=26-05-2013|date=November 2000|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-962-593-180-7|pages=31–57}}</ref> Badasaran kitab babahaso Tionghoa ''Taiping Huanyu Ji'', karajaan patamo di wilayah itu adolah Po Ni nan didugo tagak pado awal abaik ka-9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/docs/SEA-China-Interactions-Cluster/Others/BoniInChineseSources-edited4.pdf|title=Boni in Chinese Sources: Translations of Relevant Texts from the Song to the Qing Dynasties|publisher=[[National University of Singapore]]|work=[[Universiti Brunei Darussalam]]|accessdate=01-06-2014|author=Johannes L. Kurz|pages=1|format=PDF|archive-date=2014-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522195229/http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/docs/SEA-China-Interactions-Cluster/Others/BoniInChineseSources-edited4.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Diyakini baso Po Ni barado di muluik [[Sungai Brunei]] jo marupoan cikal bakal Kasultanan Brunei.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Barbara Watson Andaya|author2=Leonard Y. Andaya|title=A History of Malaysia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GSBCcNn1fsC&pg=PA57|accessdate=26-05-2013|date=15-09-1984|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-38121-9 |pages=57–}}</ref> Pado abaik ka-14, manjadi nagara vasal Majapahit, tatapi taun 1370 kasatiaannyo baraliah ka [[Dinasti Ming]] dari Tiongkok.<ref name="Chinese records">{{cite web|url=http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/68001/1/015101.pdf|title=Malaysia-Philippines Territorial Dispute: The Sabah Case|author1=Mohammad Al-Mahdi Tan Kho|author2=Hurng-yu Chen|publisher=NCCU Institutional Repository|work=[[National Chengchi University]]|date=Juli 2014|accessdate=09-05-2016|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509133532/http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/68001/1/015101.pdf|archivedate=2016-05-09|deadurl=yes}}</ref> [[Maharajo]] Karna dari Borneo kamudian malakukan kunjuangan ka [[Beijing]] basamo kaluarganyo hinggo inyo mangkat.<ref>{{cite book|author=Shih-shan Henry Tsai|title=The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ka6jNJcX_ygC&pg=PA152|year=1996|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-2687-6|pages=152–}}</ref> Inyo digantian dek anak bujangnyo Hiawang nan satuju untuak mangiriman upeti ka Tiongkok sakali tiok tigo taun.<ref name="Chinese records"/> Sajak itu, [[Kapa jung]] Tiongkok tibo ka utara Borneo jo kargo barupo [[rampah-rampah]], sarang buruang, sirip hiu, [[kapua barus]], [[rotan]], jo [[mutiara]]. Banyak padagang Tionghoa akianyo tingga jo manetap di [[Sungai Kinabatangan]] badasaran catatan sajarah Brunei jo Sulu.<ref name="Chinese records"/><ref name="sabah edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.sabah.edu.my/itma135/history.htm|title=History of Sabah|publisher=Sabah Education Department|accessdate=14 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514040125/http://www.sabah.edu.my/itma135/history.htm|archivedate=14 May 2016|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Saudara padusi Gubernur pamukiman Tionghoa, Huang Senping (Ong Sum Ping) kamudian manikah jo [[Muhammad Shah dari Brunei|Muhammad Shah]] (pandiri Kasultanan Brunei satalah mamaluak agamo [[Islam]]).<ref name="Chinese records"/> Mungkin karano hubuangan ini, sabuah tampsk pamakaman jo 2.000 peti mati dari kayu nan diestimasian bamua 1.000 taun ditamuan di Guo Agop Batu Tulug, juo di daerah Kinabatangan.<ref name="coffins">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2f2007%2f4%2f10%2fsouthneast%2f17338525&sec=southneast|title=Coffins dating back 1,000 years are found in the Kinabatangan Valley|author=Haslin Gaffor|work=[[Bernama]]|publisher=The Star|date=10-04-2007|accessdate=15-05-2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515143659/http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2f2007%2f4%2f10%2fsouthneast%2f17338525&sec=southneast|archivedate=2016-05-15|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Budayo pamakaman tasebuik diyakini dibaok dek para padagang dari [[Tiongkok Daratan]] jo [[Indochina]] ka Borneo utara karano peti mati-peti mati kayu nan sajinih ditamuan juo di nagara-nagara di wilayah tasabuik.<ref name="coffins"/> Salain itu, ditamuan pulo [[nekara]] di Bukik Timbang Dayang di [[Pulau Banggi]] nan barasa dari 2.000–2.500 taun nan lalu.<ref name="sabah info"/><ref name="Ooi2015">{{cite book|author=Keat Gin Ooi|title=Brunei: History, Islam, Society and Contemporary Issues|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LcM0CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-65998-3|pages=22–110}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Brunei territories (1500).png|jmpl|kiri|Wilayah [[Kasultanan Brunei]] pado abad ka-15]]
Pado maso kakuasaan sultan kalimo, iyolah Sultan [[Bolkiah dari Brunei|Bolkiah]], antaro 1485–1524, [[thalasokrasi]] kaaultanan malaweh ka lua wilayah Borneo utara jo [[Kapulauan Sulu]], sajauah ''[[Karajaan Manila|Kota Seludong]]'' (kini [[Manila]]) jo pangaruahnyo mancapai [[Banjarmasin]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Graham Saunders|title=A history of Brunei|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQ4t_OJgSjAC&pg=PA40 |accessdate=26-05-2013|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7007-1698-2|pages=40–}}</ref> nan mamparoleh kauntuangan dari padagangan maritim satalah [[Parabuikan Malaka (1511)|jatuahnyo Malaka ka tangan Portugis]].<ref name="HoltLambton1977">{{cite book|author1=P. M. Holt|author2=Ann K. S. Lambton|author3=Bernard Lewis|title=The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 2A, The Indian Sub-Continent, South-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim West|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=y99jTbxNbSAC&pg=PA129|date=21-04-1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=bahasa Inggris |isbn=978-0-521-29137-8|pages=129–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Barbara Watson Andaya|author2=Leonard Y. Andaya|title=A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400-1830|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rh2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA159|date=19-02-2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-88992-6|pages=159– |language=bahasa Inggris}}</ref> Banyak [[urang Brunei]] pindah ka wilayah iko pado saaik itu, walaupun papindahan alah dimulai sajak abaik ka-15 satalah Brunei manakluakan teritori itu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/golden-legacy/2011/10/24/search-brunei-malays-outside-brunei|title=In search of Brunei Malays outside Brunei|author=Rozan Yunos|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=24-10-2011|accessdate=28-12-2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514083428/http://www.bt.com.bn/golden-legacy/2011/10/24/search-brunei-malays-outside-brunei|archivedate=2016-05-14|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Kasultanan Brunei mulai mangalami kamunduran akibaik pasalisiahan internal, parang saudaro, parampokan/pambajakan, jo muncuanyo imperialisme bara. Bangso Eropa partamo nan tibo ka Brunei adolah Portugis, nan manggambaran ibu kota Brunei pado saaik itu dikaliliangi dek tembok batu.<ref name="HoltLambton1977"/> Diikuki dek Spanyol sagiro satalah [[Fernando de Magelhaens]] maningga taun 1521, katiko mareka  balayar ka Pulau Balambangan jo Banggi di ujuang utara Borneo nam kamudian manjadi pamicu suatu konflik nan takenal jo namo [[Perang Kastila]].<ref name="Group"/><ref name="Ooi2015"/><ref name="Sidhu2009">{{cite book|author=Jatswan S. Sidhu|title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&pg=PR53|date=22-12-2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9|pages=53–}}</ref> Sulu mamparoleh kamerdekaan tain 1578 jo mambentuak kaaultanan surang jo namo [[Kasultanan Sulu]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Trudy|last1=Ring|first2=Robert M|last2=Salkin|first3=Sharon|last3=La Boda|title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA160|date=Januari 1996|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn = 978-1-884964-04-6|pages=160–}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Sulu Sultanate 1822.svg|jmpl|ka|Wilayah [[Kasultanan Sulu]] taun 1822.]]
Katiko [[Parang saudaro Brunei|perang saudaro pacah di Brunei]] antaro Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin jo [[Muhyiddin dari Brunei|Muhyiddin]], Sulu manuntuik klaim mareka  ateh wilayah Brunei di utara Borneo.<ref name="Sidhu2009"/><ref name="myph">{{cite web|url=http://www.ums.edu.my/fksw/images/files/IsuPemilikanWilayahPantaiTimurSabahSatuPenelusurandaripadaSudutSumberSejarah.pdf|title=Isu Pemilikan Wilayah Pantai Timur Sabah: Satu Penulusuran daripada Sumber Sejarah|author=Eko Prayitno Joko|language=bahasa Malaysia dan Inggris|publisher=[[Universiti Malaysia Sabah]]|accessdate=19-05-2016|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519044519/http://www.ums.edu.my/fksw/images/files/IsuPemilikanWilayahPantaiTimurSabahSatuPenelusurandaripadaSudutSumberSejarah.pdf|archivedate=2016-05-19|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Sulu mangklaim baso Sultan Muhyiddin alah bajanji untuak manyarahan bagian utara jo timur Borneo pado mareka  sa agai kompensasi ateh bantuan mareka  dalam manyalesaian parang saudaro.<ref name="Sidhu2009"/><ref name="Brunei history">{{cite web|url=http://www.ubd.edu.bn/academic/faculty/fass/staff/docs/BAH/revival.pdf|title=Brunei Revival of 1906 - A Popular History|author=B. A. Hussainmiya|publisher=Universiti Brunei Darussalam|year=2006|accessdate=09-05-2016|format=PDF|isbn=99917-32-15-2|archive-date=2014-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912112209/http://www.ubd.edu.bn/academic/faculty/FASS/staff/docs/BAH/revival.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dalam praktiknyo, wilayah itu indak pernah disarahan, tatapi Sulu tatap mangklaim wilayah tasabuik sabagai punyo mareka .<ref name="ssc">{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/2013/03/07/sabah-and-sulu-claims|title=Sabah and the Sulu claims|author=Rozan Yunos|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=07-03-2013|accessdate=20-09-2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617035533/http://www.bt.com.bn/2013/03/07/sabah-and-sulu-claims|archivedate=17-06-2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Padao saaik itu Brunei indak dapaik babuek banyak karano mareka  samakin lamah satalah baparang jo Spanyol jo wilayah di utara Borneo mulai barado di bawah pangaruah Kasultanan Sulu.<ref name="Sidhu2009"/><ref name="Brunei history"/> Palaut-palaut [[suku Bajau]], [[Suku Suluk|Suluk]], jo [[urang Lanun]] kamudian mulai manetap di pasisia utara jo timur Borneo.<ref>{{cite book|author=James Francis Warren|title=Iranun and Balangingi: globalization, maritime raiding and the birth of ethnicity|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w1_3-ff6u-gC&pg=PA409|date=Januari 2002|publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-9971-69-242-1|pages=409–}}</ref> Karano Sulu tarancam juo dek kadatangan bangso Spanyol, banyak urang Sulu man malarian diri dari [[Hindia Timua Spanyol|koloni Spanyol]] di wilayah mareka .<ref name="mencari">{{cite book|title=Mencari Indonesia: demografi-politik pasca-Soeharto |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLVTKSefAtIC&pg=PA123|year=2007|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia |isbn=978-979-799-083-1 |pages=123–}}</ref> Walaupun Kasultanan Brunei jo Sulu masiang-masiang manguasai pasisia barat jo timur Sabah, wilayah padalaman masih merdeka dari kaduonyo.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ranjit Singh|title=The Making of Sabah, 1865-1941: The Dynamics of Indigenous Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j9xuAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=University of Malaya Press|isbn=978-983-100-095-3}}</ref>

== Geografi ==
Bagian barat Sabah umumnyo adolah pagunuangan, tadiri ateh tigo gunuang tatinggi di Malaysia. Jajaran gunuang nan paliang takenal adolah [[Banjaran Crocker]] tampek badirinyo babarapo gunuang jo katinggian antaro 1.000 hinggo 4.000 meter. Jo tinggi 4.095 meter, [[gunuang Kinabalu]] adolah gunuang tatinggi di [[Kapulauan Melayu]] (indak tamasuak [[pulau Papua]]) jp tatinggi ka-10 di Asia Tenggara. Hutan-hutan di Sabah diklasifikasikan sanagai [[hutan hujan]] tropis jo mamiliki baragam spesies tumbuahan jo hewan. [[Taman Nasional Kinabalu]] alah dinyatoan sabagai [[Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO|Situs Warisan Dunia]] pado  taun 2000 karano kakayoannyo dalam kaanekaragaman tumbuahan dikombinasikan jo kaunikan geologi, topografi, jo kondisi iklimnyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1012|title= Kinabalu Park – Justification for inscription|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|accessdate= 24 Juni 2007}}</ref>

Tagak dakek gunuang Kinabalu adolah gunuang Tambuyukon. Jo tinggi 2.579 meter, gunuang iko adolah gunuang tatinggi katigo di Malaysia.

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|File:Agreement Relating to Malaysia between UK, N. Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore.djvu}}
* [http://www.sabah.gov.my Situs Pamarintah Sabah]
* [http://www.sabahtourism.com Departemen Pariwisata Sabah]
* [http://www.dailyexpress.com.my Harian "Daily Express"]
* [http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my Harian "New Sabah Times"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210230313/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/ |date=2021-02-10 }}

{{Malaysia}}
{{Asia Tenggara}}

[[Kategori:Sabah| ]]
[[Kategori:Bulan Asia Wikipedia]]