Filsafat

Perguruan Athena (1509-1511) karya Raffaello, manampilkan filsuf-filsuf Yunani tanamo pado latar ruangan indah nan tainspirasi karya-karya arsitektur Yunani Saisuak

Filsafat atau diijo juo pilsapaik (dari kato Yunani φιλοσοφία, filosofia, aratinyo "cinto ka hikmat" ) adolah ilimu nan mangkaji patanyoan-patanyoan soal eksistensi, panalaran, nilai-nilai luhua, aka budi, jo bahaso. Istilah iko kamungkinan partamo kali disabuik dek Pythagoras (c. 570--495 SM). Metode nan dipakai dalam filsafat antaro lain batanyo, diskusi kritis, dialektik, jo presentasi sistematik. Patanyoan filosofis klasik antaro lain: Apokah mamungkinkan untuak mangataui sagalo macam sarato mambuktikannyo? Apo nan paliang nyato? Filsuf-filsuf juo mampatanyokan nan labiah praktis jo konkret sarupo: Apokah ado caro paliang rancak untuak iduik? Apokah labiah rancak manjadi adia atau indak adia (kok saurang bisa lapeh baitu sajo)? Apokah manusia mampunyoi kandak lapeh?

Sacaro historis, filsafat mancakuik inti dari sagalo pangatauan. Dari zaman filsuf Yunani Saisuak cando Aristoteles inggo abaik ka-19, filsafat alam malingkuangi astronomi, kadokteran, jo fisika. Misanyo, Prinsip Matematika Filosofi Alam karya Newton pado taun 1687 di kudian ari diklasifikasikan sabagai buku fisika. Pado abaik ka-19, pakambangan riset universitas modern maantakan filsafat akademik jo disiplin lain nan alah takhususkan. Pado maso kini, babarapo investigasi nan sacaro tradisional marupokan bagian dari filsafat alah manjadi disiplin akademik nan tapisah, babarapo diantaronyo psikologi, sosiologi, linguistik, jo ekonomi.

Sajak abaik ka-20, filsuf profesional bakontribusi pado masyarakaik utamonyo sabagai profesor, panaliti, jo panulih. Namun, banyak dari urang-urang tasabuik nan baraja filsafat dalam program sarjana atau pascasarjana bajariah dalam bidang hukum, jurnalisme, politik, agamo, sains, bisnis dan babagai kagiatan seni jo hiburan.

Bibliografi

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