Caliak sumber untuak Matematika

[[Berkas:Euclid.jpg|jmpl|[[Euklides]], matematikawan Yunani, abaik ka-3 SM, sarupo nan dilukisan dek [[Raffaello Sanzio]] di dalam ditail iko dari [[Sakolah Athena|''Sakolah Athena'']].<ref>Indak ado parupoan atau panjalehan tantang wujuik fisik Euklides nan dibuek salamo maso hiduiknyo nan masih batahan sabagai kakunoan. Dek sabab tuh, panggambaran Euklides di dalam karya seni bagantuang pado daya khayal saurang seniman (''liek Euklides'')</ref>]]
'''Matematika''' (dari [[bahaso Yunani]]: ''μαθημα'' - ''mathēma, "pangatahuan, pamikiran, pambalajaran"'') atau sabalumnyo disabuik '''ilimu hisab''' adolah ilimu nan maajaan [[besaran]], [[struktur]], [[ruang]], jo [[parubahan]]. Para [[matematikawan]] marangkai jo manggunoan babagai [[pola]],<ref>Lynn Steen (29 April 1988). ''The Science of Patterns Science,'' 240: 611–616. dan diikhtisarkan di [http://www.ascd.org/Default.aspx Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development]., ascd.org</ref><ref>Keith Devlin, ''Mathematics: The Science of Patterns: The Search for Order in Life, Mind and the Universe'' (Scientific American Paperback Library) 1996, ISBN 978-0-7167-5047-5</ref> kamudian manggunoannyo untuak marumuihan [[konjektur]] baru, dan mambangun kabanaran malalui [[metode deduksi]] nan kuaik diturunan dari [[aksioma-aksioma]] jo definisi-definis nan basasuaian.<ref>Jourdain</ref>

Tajadi silang pandapek apokah objek-objek matematika sarupo [[bilangan]] jo [[titiak]] alah ado di semesta, ataukah disarobokan dan diciptoan dek manusia.

Saurang matematikawan banamo [[Benjamin Peirce]] manyabuik matematika sabagai "ilimu nan manggambaran simpulan-simpulan pantiang".<ref>Peirce, hal.97</ref> Walau matematika pado kanyataannyo sangaik bamanfaaik untuak kahidupan urang banyak, pakambangan sains jo teknologi, sampai upayo malestarian alam, matematika iduik di alam gagasan, indak dalam realita atau kanyataan. [[Albert Einstein]] manyatoan sacaro tapek bahwa "sajauah hukum-hukum matematika marujuak kapado kanyataan, inyo indaklah pasti; dan sajauah inyo pasti, inyo indak marujuak kapado kanyataan."<ref>Einstein, hal. 28. Kutipan ini adalah jawaban Einstein terhadap pertanyaan: "betapa mungkin bahwa matematika, di samping yang lain tentunya, menjadi ciptaan pemikiran manusia yang terbebas dari pengalaman, begitu luar biasa bersesuaian dengan objek-objek kenyataan?" Dia juga memperhatikan ''Keefektifan tak ternalar Matematika di dalam Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam''.</ref>

Manuruik [[Max Tegmark]], makna dari "Matematika indak marujuak kapado kanyataan" manyampaian pasan bahwasanyo gagasan matematika itu ideal jo steri atau tahinda dari pangaruah manusia. Uniknyo, kabebasan dari kanyataan jo pangaruah manusia iko nantiknyo justru mamungkinkan panyimpulan parnyataan bahwa semesta iko marupokan sabuah struktur matematika. Jikok kito pacayo bahwa realita di lua semesta ko haruslah bebas dari pangaruah manusia, makonyo semesta haruslah bastruktur matematika.

Malalui panggunoan [[panalaran logika]] jo [[abstraksi]], matematika bakambang dari [[pancacahan]], [[pahituangan]], [[pangukuaan]], jo pangkajian sistematis tahadok bangun jo pagerakan benda-benda fisika. Matematika praktis tawujuik dalam kegiatan manusia sajak adonyo [[rekaman tatulih]]. Argumentasi matematika nan kuaik partamo kali muncual didalam [[Matematika Yunani]], tautamo didalam karya [[Euklides]], ''[[Elemen]]''

Matematika salalu bakambang, misalnyo di [[Cino]] pado taun 300 SM, di [[India]] pado taun 100 M, jo di [[Arab]] pado taun 800 M, hinggo jaman [[Renaisans]], katiko tamuan baru matematika bainteraksi jo [[panamuan ilmiah]] baru nan ma arah pado paningkatan nan capek di dalam laju panamuan matematika nan balanjuik hinggo kini.<ref>Eves</ref>

Kini, matematika digunoan di saluruah dunia sabagai alaik pantiang di babagai bidang, tamasuak [[ilimu alam]], [[teknik]], [[Kadokteran|kedokteran]]/[[medis]], jo [[ilimu sosial]] sarupo ekonomi, jo psikologi. Matematika terapan, cabang matematika nan malingku'i panerapan pangatahuan matematika ka bidang lainyo, mailhami jo mambuek panggunoan tamuan-tamuan matematika baru, dan kadang maarah ka pagambangan disipilin-disiplin ilimu nan sapanuahnyo baru, sarupo [[statistika]] jo [[teori pamainan.]]

Matematikawan jugo bagaluik jo [[matematika murni]], atau matematika untuak pagambangan matematika itu surang. Inyo baupayo manjawek patanyaan-patanyaan nan muncua di dalam pikirannyo, walaupun alum diketahui panerapannyo. Namun, kanyataanyo banyak sakali gagasan matematika nan sangaik abstrak nan tadinyo indak diketahui relevansinyo jo kehidupan sahari-hari, mandadak ditamuan panarapannyo. Pangambangan matematika (murni) dapek mendului atau didului kabutuhannyo dalam kahidupan. Panarapan praktis gagasan matematika nan manjadi lata balakang muncuanyo matematika murni acok kali ditamuan kudian.<ref>Peterson</ref>

== Liek pulo ==
{{portal|Matematika}}
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* [[Abacus]]
* [[Bahaso pamrograman]]
* [[Daftar simbol matematika]]
* [[Filsafat matematika]]
* [[Jangka sorong]]
* [[Kompas]]
* [[Matematika jo Ilimu Pangetahuan Alam]]
* [[Matematika diskret]]
* [[Matematika Islam]]
* [[Matematika kauangan]]
* [[Matematika murni]]
* [[Matematika rekreasi]]
* [[Matematika terapan]]
* [[Matematika Yunani]]
* [[Matematikawan]]
<!--* [[Definisi matematika]]
* [[Dyscalculia]]
* [[Mathematical anxiety]]
* [[Permainan matematis]]-->
* [[Kalkulator]] dan [[komputer]]
* [[Model matematika]]
<!--* [[Masalah matematika]]-->
* [[Panggarih]]
* [[Pola]]
* [[Software]] [[analisis]] [[statistik]]
** [http://www.r-project.org Proyek R]
** [[SPSS]]
** [[SAS]]
* [[Struktur matematika]]
<!--* [[Matematika dan seni]]
* [[Lomba matematika]]
* [[Pendidikan matematika]]
* [[Tulang Napier]]
* [[Pahituangan biaso]]
* [[Sistem komputer aljabar]]
* [[Notasi sederhana Internet]]-->
</div>

== Rujuakan ==
<references />

== Pustaka ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* Benson, Donald C., ''The Moment of Proof: Mathematical Epiphanies'', Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (December 14, 2000). ISBN 0-19-513919-4.
* [[:en:Carl B. Boyer|Boyer, Carl B.]], ''A History of Mathematics'', Wiley; 2 edition (March 6, 1991). ISBN 0-471-54397-7. — A concise history of mathematics from the Concept of Number to contemporary Mathematics.
* Courant, R. and H. Robbins, ''What Is Mathematics?: An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods'', Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (July 18, 1996). ISBN 0-19-510519-2.
* [[:en:Philip J. Davis|Davis, Philip J.]] and [[:en:Reuben Hersh|Hersh, Reuben]], ''[[:en:The Mathematical Experience|The Mathematical Experience]]''. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (January 14, 1999). ISBN 0-395-92968-7. — A gentle introduction to the world of mathematics.
* {{cite journal
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* Eves, Howard, ''An Introduction to the History of Mathematics'', Sixth Edition, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0.
* Gullberg, Jan, ''Mathematics — From the Birth of Numbers''. W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (October 1997). ISBN 0-393-04002-X. — An encyclopedic overview of mathematics presented in clear, simple language.
* Hazewinkel, Michiel (ed.), ''[[:en:Encyclopaedia of Mathematics|Encyclopaedia of Mathematics]]''. Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000. — A translated and expanded version of a Soviet mathematics encyclopedia, in ten (expensive) volumes, the most complete and authoritative work available. Also in paperback and on CD-ROM, and online [http://eom.springer.de/default.htm].
* Jourdain, Philip E. B., ''The Nature of Mathematics'', in ''The World of Mathematics'', James R. Newman, editor, Dover, 2003, ISBN 0-486-43268-8.
* [[:en:Morris Kline|Kline, Morris]], ''Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times'', Oxford University Press, USA; Paperback edition (March 1, 1990). ISBN 0-19-506135-7.
* {{cite paper|url=http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/aboutus/FieldsMedal_Monastyrsky.pdf|year=2001|title=Some Trends in Modern Mathematics and the Fields Medal|author=Monastyrsky, Michael|publisher=Canadian Mathematical Society|accessdate=2006-07-28|format=PDF}}
* [[Oxford English Dictionary]], second edition, ed. John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, Clarendon Press, 1989, ISBN 0-19-861186-2.
* ''[[:En:The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology|The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology]]'', 1983 reprint. ISBN 0-19-861112-9.
* Pappas, Theoni, ''The Joy Of Mathematics'', Wide World Publishing; Revised edition (June 1989). ISBN 0-933174-65-9.
* {{cite journal|title=Linear Associative Algebra|first= Benjamin|last= Peirce|journal= American Journal of Mathematics|issue= Vol. 4, No. 1/4. (1881|url= http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9327%281881%294%3A1%2F4%3C97%3ALAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X | unused_data= | pages= 97-229}} [[JSTOR]].
* Peterson, Ivars, ''Mathematical Tourist, New and Updated Snapshots of Modern Mathematics'', Owl Books, 2001, ISBN 0-8050-7159-8.
* {{cite book|last = Paulos|first = John Allen <!--|authorlink = John Allen Paulos -->|year = 1996|title = A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper|publisher = Anchor|isbn = 0-385-48254-X}}
* {{Cite book|first=Karl R.|last=Popper|authorlink=Karl Popper|title=In Search of a Better World: Lectures and Essays from Thirty Years|chapter=On knowledge|publisher=Routledge|year=1995|isbn=0-415-13548-6}}
* {{cite journal
 | last = Riehm
 | first = Carl
 | authorlink =
 | title = The Early History of the Fields Medal
 | journal = Notices of the AMS
 | volume = 49
 | issue = 7
 | pages = 778–782
 | publisher = AMS
 | month = August 
 | year = 2002
 | url = http://www.ams.org/notices/200207/comm-riehm.pdf
 | doi =
 | id =
 | accessdate = 
 | format=PDF}}
* {{cite journal| last=Sevryuk | first=Mikhail B.<!--| authorlink = Mikhail B. Sevryuk-->| year = 2006| month = January| title = Book Reviews| journal = [[:en:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society|Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]]| volume = 43| issue = 1| pages = 101–109| url = http://www.ams.org/bull/2006-43-01/S0273-0979-05-01069-4/S0273-0979-05-01069-4.pdf| format = PDF| accessdate = 2006-06-24| doi = 10.1090/S0273-0979-05-01069-4}}
* {{cite book|last = Waltershausen|first = Wolfgang Sartorius von <!--|authorlink = Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen-->|title = Gauss zum Gedächtniss|year = 1856, repr. 1965|publisher = Sändig Reprint Verlag H. R. Wohlwend|isbn = 3-253-01702-8|asin = ASIN: B0000BN5SQ|url = http://www.amazon.de/Gauss-Ged%e4chtnis-Wolfgang-Sartorius-Waltershausen/dp/3253017028}}
* {{cite paper|url=http://info.med.yale.edu/therarad/summers/ziman.htm|year=1968|title=Public Knowledge:An essay concerning the social dimension of science|author= Ziman, J.M., F.R.S.}}
{{refend}}

== Pautan Lua ==
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* {{Commons category-inline|Mathematics|{{PAGENAME}}}}<div class="references-small"></div>
* [https://www.hugedomains.com/domain_profile.cfm?d=preceptorial&e=com Preceptorial] Gabuangan materi jo soal matematika untuak SD, SMP, SMA
* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/Mathematics.html Sijarah matematika]
* [http://freebookcentre.net/SpecialCat/Free-Mathematics-Books-Download.html Buku-buku matematika] bebas Gabuangan buku matematika bebas.
* [http://www.mathmotivation.com/all-applications.html Panerapan Aljabar SMA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309134910/http://www.mathmotivation.com/all-applications.html |date=2021-03-09 }}
* [[:en:Encyclopedia_of_Mathematics|Encyclopedia of Mathematics]] ensiklopedia online dari [https://ems.press/ Springer], Karya referensi pascasarjana co labiah dari 8.000 judul, mancerahan hampia 50.000 gagasan di dalam matematika.

{{Matematika-stub}}