Caliak sumber untuak Hiosin hidrobromida

{{Pambantahan medis}}
{{drugbox
|Verifiedfields = changed
|Watchedfields = changed
|verifiedrevid = 464387972
|IUPAC_name = (–)-(''S'')-3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (1''R'',2''R'',4''S'',5''S'',7''α'',9''S'')-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>]non-7-yl ester
|image = L-Scopolamin.svg
|width = 200
|image2 = Scopolamine structure.png

<!--Clinical data-->
|tradename = Transdermscop, Kwells, lainnyo
|synonyms = Scopolamine, hyoscinehydrobromide, scopolamine hydrobromide<ref name=AHFS2016/>
|Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|scopolamine}}
|pregnancy_AU = B2
|pregnancy_US = C
|legal_AU = S2
|legal_CA = OTC
|legal_UK = POM and OTC
|legal_US = Rx-only
|routes_of_administration = malalui muluik, tempelan kulik, tetes mato, injeksi subkutan, intramuskular, atau intravena, bawah lidah, rektum, mukosa pipi, intramuscular
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
|bioavailability =
|protein_bound =
|metabolism = [[Liver]]
|excretion = [[Ginjal]]
|elimination_half-life = 4,5 jam<ref name="pmid2762223">{{cite journal | vauthors = Putcha L, Cintrón NM, Tsui J, Vanderploeg JM, Kramer WG | title = Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of scopolamine in normal subjects | journal = Pharmaceutical Research | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = 481–5 | date = June 1989 | pmid = 2762223 | doi = 10.1023/A:1015916423156 }}</ref>
<!--Identifiers-->
|CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
|CAS_number = 51-34-3
|ATC_prefix = A04
|ATC_suffix = AD01
|ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|N05|CM05}}, {{ATC|S01|FA02}}
|ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
|ChEBI = 16794
|PubChem = 5184
|IUPHAR_ligand = 330
|DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
|DrugBank = DB00747
|ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
|ChemSpiderID = 10194106
|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
|UNII = DL48G20X8X
|KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
|KEGG = D00138
|ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
|ChEMBL = 1201024
<!-- Chemical data -->
|C=17 |H=21 |N=1 |O=4
|molecular_weight = 303,353 g/mol
|smiles = OC[C@H](c1ccccc1)C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3N(C)[C@@H](C2)[C@@H]4O[C@H]34
|StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|StdInChI = 1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1
|StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|StdInChIKey = STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N
}}
'''Hiosin hidrobromida''' atau disabuik juo '''scopolamin''' adolah [[ubek]] nan dipakai untuak maubek [[mual]] jo [[muntah]], baiak dek mabuak di pajalanan atau dek sasudah tindakan operasi.<ref name="Huo2001">{{cite book|last1=Juo|first1=Pei-Show|title=Concise Dictionary of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology.|date=2001|publisher=CRC Press|location=Hoboken|isbn=9781420041309|page=570|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4DLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA570|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910183136/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4DLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA570|archive-date=10 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ubek dipakai juo sabalun tindakan operasi supayo indak banyak liua nan kalua. Ubek ko tasadio dalan bantuak ubek makan, ubek suntik, ataupun ubek tempel. Ubek barefek sasudah 20 minik pamakaian dan batahan inggo 8 jam.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/scopolamine.html|title=Scopolamine|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007123115/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/scopolamine.html|archive-date=7 October 2016|access-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hiosin marupokan ubek golongan [[antimuskarinik]] nan bakarajo jo maambek efek [[asetilkolin]] dalam sistem saraf.<ref name="AHFS2016" />

Hiosin partamo kali ditamukan pado taun 1881 nan kudian baru dipakai untuak tindakan bius (anestesi) pado kiro-kiro taun 1900-an.<ref name="Keys">{{cite book|last1=Keys|first1=Thomas E.|title=The history of surgical anesthesia|date=1996|publisher=Wood Library, Museum of Anesthesiology|location=Park Ridge, Ill.|isbn=978-0-9614932-7-1|page=48ff|edition=[Reprint].|url=https://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/library/pdf/W0012.PDF|access-date=2020-04-01|archive-date=2020-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030002519/https://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/library/pdf/W0012.PDF|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="Fis2006">{{cite book|last1=Fischer|first1=Janos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|name-list-format=vanc|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=551|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA551|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ubek ko alah masuak juo dalam daftar ubek wajib jo pantiang manuruik WHO.<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Ubek ko tabuek dari tumbuahan [[famili solanaceae]] nan dulunyo tanamo untuak ubek psikoaktif.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Osbourn|first1=Anne E.|last2=Lanzotti|first2=Virginia|name-list-format=vanc|title=Plant-derived Natural Products: Synthesis, Function, and Application|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9780387854984|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8SpVXEng4QC&pg=PA6|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910183136/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8SpVXEng4QC&pg=PA6|archive-date=10 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Indikasi==
Ubek ko banyak dipakai dalam dunia medis.<ref name="BNF">{{cite book|isbn=978-0-85711-084-8|title=British National Formulary (BNF)|last1=Joint Formulary Committee|year=2013|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|location=London, UK|edition=65|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bnf65britishnati0000unse/page/49 49, 266, 822, 823]|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf65britishnati0000unse/page/49}}</ref> Dalam tindakan operasi, ubek ko dipakai untuak mangurangi produksi aia liau sainggo indak manutuik saluran angok di tangah tindakan operasi.<ref name="AMH">{{cite book|editor=Rossi, S|isbn=978-0-9805790-9-3|title=Australian Medicines Handbook|place=Adelaide|publisher=The Australian Medicines Handbook Unit Trust|year=2013|edition=2013}}</ref> Di lua tindakan operasi, ubek ko dipakai untuak mailangan raso mual jo muntah.<ref name="pmid1853467">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bitterman N, Eilender E, Melamed Y|title=Hyperbaric oxygen and scopolamine|journal=Undersea Biomedical Research|volume=18|issue=3|pages=167–74|date=May 1991|pmid=1853467|url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2573|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820004729/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2573|df=dmy-all|url-status=live|archive-date=20 August 2008}}</ref><ref name="pmid3363755">{{cite journal|vauthors=Williams TH, Wilkinson AR, Davis FM, Frampton CM|title=Effects of transcutaneous scopolamine and depth on diver performance|journal=Undersea Biomedical Research|volume=15|issue=2|pages=89–98|date=March 1988|pmid=3363755|url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2495|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820005139/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2495|df=dmy-all|url-status=live|archive-date=20 August 2008}}</ref> Ubek ko baguno pulo untuak maubek usus, ginjal, atau saluran ampadu nan managang nan ditandoi jo raso padiah di area paruik. Salain itu, dapek pulo dipakai untuak maubek paradangan mato.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medicinenet.com/scopolamine_drops-ophthalmic/article.htm|title=scopolamine solution - ophthalmic, Isopto|website=MedicineNet.com|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref>

==Kontraindikasi==
Ubek ko dikontraindikasikan untuak diagiah ka ibu manganduang. Hiosin dari hasia panalitian dapek malewati plasenta sainggo ubek ko tamasuak ubek kategori C nan aratinyo babahayo untuak janin. Ubek ko anyo buliah diagiah katiko kondisi ibu sadang babahayo. Pado ibu nan manyusui, ubek ko juo kalua malalui aia susu ibu.<ref>{{cite book|last=Briggs|title=Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation|url=https://archive.org/details/drugsinpregnancy00gera|url-access=registration|date=1994|publisher=Williams and Wilkins|location=Baltimore, Maryland|pages=[https://archive.org/details/drugsinpregnancy00gera/page/777 777–778]}}</ref> Panggunoan pado urang nan berumua lanjuik paralu waspada dek efek sampiang ubek ko condong tampak dan dapek barisiko tajadinyo demensia (pikun).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Flicker C, Ferris SH, Serby M|title=Hypersensitivity to scopolamine in the elderly|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=107|issue=2–3|pages=437–41|date=1992|pmid=1615141|doi=10.1007/bf02245172}}</ref>

==Efek sampiang==
Efek sampiang nan umum muncua adolah raso kantuak, mato kabua, pupil maleba, jo muluik kariang.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ubek ko indak disarankan untuak diagiah pado urang jo glukoma suduik tatutuik ataupun usus tasumbek (''bowel ubstruction'').<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Pado kondisi dosis balabiah dapek disatoi jo gangguan irama jantuang, gata, inggo buang aia ketek taambek.<ref name="EMCBut">{{cite web|url=http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/282/SPC/Buscopan+Tablets/|title=Buscopan Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)|date=11 September 2013|work=electronic Medicines Compendium|publisher=Boehringer Ingelheim Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023062458/http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/282/SPC/Buscopan+Tablets/|archive-date=23 October 2013|access-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/scopolamine.html|title=Scopolamine Use During Pregnancy {{!}} Drugs.com|website=www.drugs.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221011309/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/scopolamine.html|archive-date=21 December 2016|access-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Pado kondisi kalabiahan dosis hiosin, pasien dapek diagiah [[fisostigmin]] (''physostigmine'').<ref>{{cite book|editor=Paul G. Barash|title=Clinical anesthesia|year=2009|publisher=Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-8763-5|page=346|edition=6|display-editors=etal}}</ref> Fisostigmin marupokan ubek kolinergik nan manjadi [[antidotum]] hiosin dek dapek malalui sawar darah utak nan kudian bakarajo untuak maubek depresi sistem saraf pusek.<ref name="EMChyd">{{cite web|url=http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/18845/SPC/Kwells+300+microgram+tablets/|title=Kwells 300 microgram tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics|date=7 January 2008|work=electronic Medicines Compendium|publisher=Bayer plc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061617/http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/18845/SPC/Kwells+300+microgram+tablets/|archive-date=23 October 2013|access-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Caro lain untuak maatasi kalabiahan dosis adolah dek tindakan suportif, pambarasiahan lambuang, sarato rangsang muntah.<ref name="EMChyd" />
== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Kategori:Ubek]]