Caliak sumber untuak Candi

[[Berkas:Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg|jmpl|388x388px|Candi Borobudur, manjadi candi paliang gadang di Indonesia.]]
'''Candi''' adolah istilah nan marujuak kapado sabuah [[kuil|bangunan agamo tampek ibadaik]] paninggalan purbakala nan barasa dari peradaban [[Hindu]]-[[Buddha]].<ref name="Candi Sewu">Jacques Dumarçay, "Candi Sewu: dan arsitektur bangunan agama buda di Jawa Tengah: and buddhist architecture of Central Java", Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2007, 9799100887, 9789799100887.</ref> Bangunan ko dipakai sabagai tampek pamujaan [[dewa|dewa-dewi]] ataupun mamuliakan [[Buddha]]. Tapi, istilah 'candi' indak anyo dipakai dek masyarakaik untuak manyabuik tampek ibadaik sajo, banyak situs-situs purbakala non-religius dari maso Hindu-Buddha [[Indonesia]] klasik, baiak sabagai [[istano]] ([[kraton]]), pamandian, [[gapura]], dan sabagainyo, disabuik juo jo istilah candi.

Candi marupokan bangunan tiruan tampek tingga dewa-dewi nan sabananyo, iyolah [[Gunuang Mahameru]].<ref name="Sejarah">Nana Supriatna, "Sejarah", PT Grafindo Media Pratama, 9797586006, 9789797586003.</ref> Dek itu, seni arsitekturnyo dihias jo babagai macam ukiran jo pahatan babantuak pola hieh nan disasuaikan jo alam Gunuang Mahameru.<ref name="Sejarah" /> Candi-candi jo pasan nan disampaikan lewaik arsitektur, [[relief]], sarato [[arca]]-arcanyo indak panah lapeh dari unsua spiritualitas, dayo cipta, jo katarampilan tukang bangunnyo.<ref>Thomas Wendoris, "Mengenal Candi-candi Nusantara", Pustaka Widyatama, 9796102366, 9789796102365.</ref>

Sabagian candi umpamo [[Candi Borobudur]] jo [[Prambanan]] dibangun amaik bamego-mego, detail, kayo jo ragam hieh nan mewah, banilai estetika nan tinggi, jo mamakai teknologi arsitektur nan maju pado zamannyo. Bangunan-bangunan ko inggo kini manjadi bukti baitu tingginyo [[kabudayaan]] jo [[paradaban]] [[niniak muyang]] sabuah bangso.<ref>F. X. Gabriel, "Api nan Apik", BPK Gunung Mulia, 2000, 9799290007, 9789799290007.</ref>

== Terminologi ==
<blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:45%; float:right; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:10px;">"Antaro abaik ka-7 jo ka-15 masehi, ratusan bangunan kaagamoan dibangun dari bahan bata sirah atau batu andesit di pulau Jao, Sumatera, jo Bali. Bangunan iko disabuik candi. Istilah iko juo marujuak kapado babagai bangunan pra-Islam, tamasuak gerbang, jo bahkan pamandian, akan tatapi manifestasi utamonyo tetap adolah bangunan suci kaagamoan."

— Soekmono, R. "Candi:Symbol of the Universe". <ref>Soekmono, R. "Candi:Symbol of the Universe", pp.58-59 in Miksic, John, ed. ''Ancient History'' Volume 1 of [[Indonesian Heritage Series]] Archipelago Press, Singapore (1996) ISBN 978-981-3018-26-6</ref></blockquote>Istilah "Candi" diduga barasa dari kato ''“Candika”'' nan aratinyo namo salah satu parwujudan [[Dewi]] [[Durga]] sabagai dewi kamatian.<ref>{{cite book|last=Soekmono|first=Dr R.|title=Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2|publisher=Penerbit Kanisius|year=1973|location=Yogyakarta, Indonesia|pages=81|url=|doi=|isbn=979-413-290-X}}</ref> Dek itulah, candi acok dikaikan jo monumen tampek pedharmaan untuak mamuliakan rajo anumerta (nan alah maningga) contohnyo [[candi Kidal]] untuak mamuliaan Rajo [[Anusapati]].

Panafsiran nan bakambang di lua nagari — tautamo di antaro panutur bahaso Inggirih jo bahaso asiang lainnyo — adolah; istilah ''candi'' hanyo marujuak kapado bangunan paninggalan era Hindu-Buddha di [[Indonesia]], sadangkan dalam bahaso Melayu disabuik jo istilah [[kuil]]. Sami halnyo jo istilah ''wat'' nan dikaikan jo candi di Kamboja dan Thailand. Akan tatapi, dari suduik pandang bahaso Indonesia, istilah 'candi' juo marujuak kapado sado bangunan basijarah Hindu-Buddha di sadoalah dunia; indak hanyo di Nusantara, tapi juo di [[Kamboja]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], jo[[Nepal]]; takah candi [[Angkor Wat]] di Kamboja jo candi [[Khajuraho]] di India. Istilah candi juo tadanga mirip jo istilah ''chedi'' dalam bahasa Thailand nan aratinyo '[[stupa]]'.

== Pautan lua ==
* [http://candi.pnri.go.id/pengantar/index.htm Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109051620/http://candi.pnri.go.id/pengantar/index.htm |date=2013-11-09 }} Basis data tantang Candi dari Perpusnas RI
* [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-tourism-object/candi/ Yogyes.com] Manjalajahi Candi-Candi Saisuak di Yogyakarta
* [http://www.borobudur.tv/ Borobudur TV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040608114124/http://www.borobudur.tv/ |date=2004-06-08 }} Basis data jo galeri tantang Candi-candi di Jawa Tangah jo Yogyakarta

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Daftar pustaka ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Soekmono |author-link=Soekmono |first=R.|editor=Jan Fontein|editor-link=Jan Fontein| title= The Javanese Candi: Function and Meaning, Volume 17 from Studies in Asian Art and Archaeology, Vol 17| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cd2Ha7fT90C |publisher=E.J. BRILL | year=1995 |location=Leiden |isbn=9789004102156 }}
*{{cite book |last=Degroot|first=Véronique|title=Candi, Space and Landscape: A Study on the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2HzduME8OcC |location=Leiden|publisher=Sidestone Press, Issue 38 of Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde |isbn=9789088900396}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sedyawati|first1=Edi|first2=Hariani|last2=Santiko|first3=Hasan|last3=Djafar|first4=Ratnaesih|last4=Maulana|first5=Wiwin Djuwita Sudjana|last5=Ramelan|first6=Chaidir|last6=Ashari |title= Candi Indonesia: Seri Jawa|language=id, en  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsLiCQAAQBAJ |publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan |year=2013 |location=Jakarta |isbn=9786021766934 |ref={{sfnRef|Sedyawati|2013}}}}
{{refend}}

== Bacoan lanjuik ==
* Dumarcay, J. 1986 ''Temples of Java'' Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press
* Holt, C. 1967 ''Art in Indonesia'' Ithaca: Cornell University
* Patt, J.A. 1979 ''The Uses and Symbolism of Water in Ancient Indonesian Temple Architecture'' University of California, Berkeley (unublished PhD thesis)
* Prijotomo, J. 1984 ''Ideas and Forms of Javanese Architecture'' Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press
* Degroot, Véronique 2009 ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=u2HzduME8OcC Candi, Space and Landscape: A Study on the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains]'' Leiden: Sidestone Press, Issue 38 of Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden, {{ISBN|9088900396}}


{{Arsitektur Indonesia}}
[[Kategori:Candi]]
[[Kategori:Arsitektur Hindu]]
[[Kategori:Arsitektur Buddha]]