Caliak sumber untuak Alam samasta

{{kosmologi}}
{{Infobox
|title      = Alam samasta
|image      = [[Berkas:NASA-HS201427a-HubbleUltraDeepField2014-20140603.jpg|300px]]
|caption    = Gamba [[Hubble Ultra Deep Field]] manunjuakkan babarapo [[galaksi]] paliang jauah nan tacaliak jo teknologi tarkini, masiang-masiang tadiri dari miliaran [[bintang]].
|label1     = [[Umua alam samasta|Umua]] (dalam [[Model Lambda-CDM]])
|data1      = 13,799 ± 0,021 milyar taun<ref name="Planck 2015">{{cite journal|author=Planck Collaboration|date=2015|title=Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters (See Table 4 on page 31 of pfd).|arxiv=1502.01589|bibcode=2016A&A...594A..13P|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201525830|volume=594|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|pages=A13}}</ref>
|label2     = Diameter
|data2      = Indak dikatahui (kamungkinan [[tak hingga]]).<ref name="Brian Greene 2011">{{cite book |first=Brian |last=Greene |author-link=Brian Greene |title=The Hidden Reality |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |date=2011|title-link=The Hidden Reality }}</ref> Diameter [[alam samasta taramati]]: {{val|8.8|e=26|u=m}} {{nowrap|(28,5 G[[parsec|pc]] atau 93 G[[tahun cahaya|ly]])}}<ref>{{cite book|author1=Itzhak Bars|author2=John Terning|title=Extra Dimensions in Space and Time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFSMatekilIC&pg=PA27|accessdate=2011-05-01|date=November 2009|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-77637-8|pages=27–}}</ref>
|label3     = Massa (materi biaso)
|data3      = 10<sup>53</sup> kg<ref name="Paul Davies 2006 43">{{cite book|author=Paul Davies|date=2006|title=The Goldilocks Enigma|page=43ff|publisher=First Mariner Books|isbn=978-0-618-59226-5}}</ref>
|label4     = Massa jenis rata-rata (termasuk kontribusi dari [[energi]])
|data4      = 9,9 x 10<sup>−30</sup> g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="wmap_universe_made_of">{{cite web|author=NASA/WMAP Science Team|date=January 24, 2014|title=Universe 101: What is the Universe Made Of?|url=http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html|publisher=NASA|accessdate=February 17, 2015}}</ref>
|label5     = Suhu rato-rato
|data5      = 2,72548 [[Kelvin|K]] (-270,4 [[Celsius|°C]] atau -454,8 [[Fahrenheit|°F]])<ref name=Fixsen>{{Cite journal|last1=Fixsen|first1=D. J.|date=2009|title=The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=707|issue=2|pages=916–20|arxiv=0911.1955|bibcode=2009ApJ...707..916F|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916}}</ref>
|label6     = Isi
|data6      = [[Materi]] [[Barion#materi barionik|umum (barionik)]] (4,9%)<br>[[Materi galok]] (26,8%)<br>[[Energi galok]] (68,3%)<ref name="planck2013parameters">{{cite web|title = First Planck results: the Universe is still weird and interesting|url = https://arstechnica.com/science/2013/03/first-planck-results-the-universe-is-still-weird-and-interesting/|work=Matthew Francis|publisher=Ars technica|date=March 21, 2013|accessdate=August 21, 2015}}</ref>
|label7     = Bantuak
|data7      = [[Bantuak alam samasta|Datar]] jo bateh kasalahan 0,4%<ref>{{cite web|author=NASA/WMAP Science Team|date=January 24, 2014|url=http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_shape.html|title=Universe 101: Will the Universe expand forever?|publisher=NASA|accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref>
}}

'''Alam samasta''' (disabuik juo '''jagaik rayo''' atau '''universum'''<ref name=":0">{{citation| author=Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan| url=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/universum |title=universum | work=Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia edisi V| accessdate=9 Juni 2018}}</ref>) adolah saluruah ruang wakatu kontinu tampek sanak barado, jo [[energi]] dan [[materi]] nan dimilikinyo. Usaho untuak mamahami pangartian alam samasta dalam lingkup iko pado skala tabosegh nan mamungkinkan, ado pado [[kosmologi]], [[ilimu pangatahuan]] nan bakambang dari [[fisika]] dan [[astronomi]].

Alam Samasta dapek juo didefinisikan sabagai sagalo sasuatu nan dianggap ado sacaro fisik, saluruah [[ruang]] dan [[wakatu]], dan sagalo bantuak [[materi]] sarato [[energi]]. Istilah samasta atau jagaik rayo dapek digunoan dalam indra kontekstual nan saketek babedo, nan manunjuakkan konsep-konsep ajak ''[[kosmos]]'', ''[[dunia]]'', atau ''[[alam]]''.

==Definisi==
Alam samasta fisik didefinisikan sabagai kasaluruahan [[ruang]] dan [[wakatu]] (sacaro kolektif disabuik [[ruang-wakatu]]) dan isinyo.<ref name="Zeilik1998">{{cite book |title=Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryastr0000zeil |last1=Zeilik |first1=Michael |last2=Gregory |first2=Stephen A. |date=1998 |edition=4th |publisher=Saunders College Publishing |quote="The totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be." |isbn=978-0030062285}}</ref> Isi tasabuik tadiri dari sadonyo energi dalam babagai bantuak, tamasuak [[radiasi elektromagnetik]] dan [[materi]].<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Universe |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica online |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. |date=2012 |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/universe |accessdate=17 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Universe |title=Universe |work=Merriam-Webster Dictionary |accessdate=September 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Universe?s=t |title=Universe |work=Dictionary.com |accessdate=September 21, 2012}}</ref> Alam samasta mancakuik juo [[hukum fisika|hukum-hukum fisika]] nan mamangaruhi energi dan materi, ajak [[hukum kekekalan]], [[mekanika klasik]], dan [[teori relativitas|relativitas]].<ref name="Schreuder2014">{{cite book|author=Duco A. Schreuder|title=Vision and Visual Perception|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7a7BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135|date=December 3, 2014|publisher=Archway Publishing|isbn=978-1480812949|page=135}}</ref>

Alam semesta salalu didefinisikan sabagai "satu-kasaluruahan kabaradoan", atau [[sagalonyo|sagalo sasuatu]] nan ado, sagalo sasuatu nan alah ado, dan sagalo sasuatu nan akan ado.<ref name="Schreuder2014" /> Bahkan, babarapo filsuf dan ilmuwan mandukuang panyarotoan gagasan dan konsep abstrak – ajak matematika dan logika – dalam definisi Alam samasta.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tegmark|first=Max|title=The Mathematical Universe|journal=Foundations of Physics|volume=38|issue=2|pages=101–50|doi=10.1007/s10701-007-9186-9|bibcode = 2008FoPh...38..101T |arxiv = 0704.0646 |year=2008}} a short version of which is available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/0709.4024 ''Shut up and calculate.''] (in reference to David Mermin's famous quote "shut up and calculate" {{cite web |url=http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_57/iss_5/10_1.shtml |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-06-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160515100124/http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_57/iss_5/10_1.shtml |archivedate=May 15, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Jim Holt|title=Why Does the World Exist?|url=https://archive.org/details/whydoesworldexis0000holt|publisher=Liveright Publishing|year=2012|page=[https://archive.org/details/whydoesworldexis0000holt/page/308 308]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Timothy Ferris|title=The Whole Shebang: A State-of-the-Universe(s) Report|url=https://archive.org/details/wholeshebang00timo|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1997|page=[https://archive.org/details/wholeshebang00timo/page/n405 400]}}</ref> Kato ''alam samasta'' dapek jua marujuak pado konsep-konsep ajak ''kosmos'', ''dunia'', dan ''alam''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Creation Out of Nothing: A Biblical, Philosophical, and Scientific Exploration|url=https://archive.org/details/creationoutofnot0000copa|page=[https://archive.org/details/creationoutofnot0000copa/page/220 220]|author1=Paul Copan|author2=William Lane Craig|publisher=Baker Academic|date=2004 | isbn= 978-0801027338}}</ref><ref name="Bolonkin2011">{{cite book|author=Alexander Bolonkin|title=Universe, Human Immortality and Future Human Evaluation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TuWQx58ZnPsC&pg=PA3|date=November 2011|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-415801-6|pages=3–}}</ref>

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q1|mw=Alam samasta|m=Alam samasta|c:Special:Search/Category:Universe|species=no|n=Alam samasta|display=Alam samasta|wikt=alam|b=Judul:Fisika|v=Alam samasta|voy=yes}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|date=June 13, 2012|WIKIPEDIA SPOKEN ARTICLE - Universe (Part 1).oga|WIKIPEDIA SPOKEN ARTICLE - Universe (Part 2).oga|WIKPEDIA SPOKEN ARTICLE - Universe (Part 3).ogg|WIKIPEDIA SPOKEN ARTICLE - Universe (Part 4).oga}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Universe|alam samasta}} 
* [http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/ NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)] / ([http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/Library/Distances/ NED-Distances]).
* [https://www.livescience.com/how-many-atoms-in-universe.html There are about 10<sup>82</sup> atoms in the observable universe] – ''LiveScience'', July 2021.
* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/05/21/this-is-why-we-will-never-know-everything-about-our-universe/ ''This is why we will never know everything about our universe''] – ''Forbes'', May 2019.

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