Caliak sumber untuak Alam

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 | caption4 = Jalan di [[Kerala]].
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'''Alam''' (dalam arorti lowe punyo makna nan satara jo '''dunia alam''', '''dunia fisik''', atau '''dunia materi''') mangacu kapado fenomena dunia fisiak dan jua kahidupan sacaro umum. Skala alam tabontang dari [[Partikel subatom|sub-atomik]] hinggo [[alam semesta|kosmik]]. Studi tontang alam iyolah bagian bosegh dari [[ilimu pangatahuan]]. Dek biktu manusia iyolah bagian dari alam, kagiatan manusia salalu dipahami sabagai kategori tapisah dari fenomena alam lainnyo.

Kato alam marupoan tajamahan dari [[bahaso Inggirih]] "''nature''", nan baâsa dari kato Latin ''natura'', atau "kualitas esensial, disposisi bawaan", dan pado zaman dulu, sacaro harfiah barorti "kalahiran".<ref name="etymonline-nature">{{OEtymD|nature|accessdate=2006-09-23}}</ref> ''Natura'' iyolah tajamahan Latin dari kato Yunani ''physis'' (φύσις), nan awalnyo takaik jo karakteristik bawaan nan dipunyo tanaman, hewan, dan babagai fitur lain di dunia.<ref>Naddaf, Gerard ''The Greek Concept of Nature'', SUNY Press, 2006.</ref><ref>Guthrie, W.K.C. ''Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus'' (volume 2 ''History of Greek Philosophy''), Cambridge UP, 1965.</ref>

Pado babagai panggunoan kato tasabuik kini, "alam" salalu mangacu kapado [[geologi]] dan [[kahidupan liar]]. Kato alam mungkin mangacu sacaro umum ka babagai jinih tanaman hiduik dan hewan, dan dalam babarapo kasus ka proses nan bahubuangan jo bando mati – manganai kabaradoan jinih-jinih tatontu suatu bando dan bagaimano inyo baubah surang, ajak [[cuaca]] dan [[geologi]] di Bumi, dan [[materi]] sarato [[energi]] dari mano sadonyo hal-hal tasabuik tasusuan darinyo. Kato iko salalu diarortikan sabagai "lingkuangan alam" atau hewan liar, batu, hutan, pantai, dan sacaro umum hal-hal nan alun diubah sacaro substansial dek campua tangan manusia, atau nan batahan bilo ado intervensi manusia. Sabagai contoh, objek nan dibuek dan interaksi manusia umumnyo indak dianggap sabagai bagian dari alam, kacuali jiko dinilai sabagai objek tasabuik, misalnyo, "sifaik manusia" atau "saluruah alam". Konsep nan labiah tradisional dari hal-hal alami tasabuik, nan masih dapek ditamui kini, manyiratkan pambedo antaro alami dan buatan, nan dimaksud jo kato buatan dipahami sabagai hasia [[kasadaran]] atau [[pikiran]] manusia. Tagantuang pado konteks tatontu, istilah "alam" dapek juo dibedaan dari nan indak wajar, [[supernatural]], atau sintetis.
==Bumi==
{{Garis waktu alam}}
{{Main|Bumi}}
[[Berkas:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|jmpl|Bantuak [[Bumi]] nan diabadian dek kru ''Apollo 17'' pado taun 1972.]]
===Geologi===
[[Berkas:Tectonic plate boundaries.png|jmpl|ka|300px|Tigo jinih bateh [[Tektonika lempeng|lempeng tektonik]] geologi.]]
{{main|Geologi}}
==Atmosfer, iklim dan cuaco==
==Aia di Bumi ==
[[Berkas:44 - Iguazu - Décembre 2007.jpg|jmpl|300px|''Aia Tojun Iguazu'' di parbatasan [[Brasil]] dan [[Argentina]].]]
{{main|Aia}}
=== Samudra ===
[[Berkas:Ocean from Leblon.jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Samudra Atlantik]] dari [[Leblon]], [[Rio de Janeiro]].]]
{{Lima Samudra}}
{{main|Samudra}}
===Danau===
[[Berkas:Lake mapourika NZ.jpeg|jmpl|[[Danau Mapourika]], [[Selandia Baru]].]]
{{main|Danau}}
====Kolam====
[[Berkas:Mill Pond Sunset.jpg|jmpl|Sebuah kolam di [[Westborough, Massachusetts]].]]
{{main|Kolam}}
===Sungai===
[[Berkas:View from Cairo Tower 31march2007.jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Sungai Nil]].]]
{{main|Sungai}}
===Aliran aia===
[[Berkas:Hawaii Creek.jpg|jmpl|Aliran aia babatu di [[Hawaii]].]]
{{main|Aliran aia}}

==Ekosistem==
[[Berkas:View of loch lomond.JPG|jmpl|kiri|200px|[[Loch Lomond]] di Skotlandia marupoan ekosistem nan tatutuik. Komunitas ikan di danau iko indak baubah dalam wakatu nan lamo.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Adams|first=C.E.|title=The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland : its history and rapidly changing status|journal=Hydrobiologia|year=1994|volume=290|issue=1–3|pages=91–102|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3302548|doi=10.1007/BF00008956|access-date=2011-12-07|archive-date=2012-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114115347/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3302548|dead-url=yes}}</ref>]]
[[Berkas:Aravalli.jpg|jmpl|kiri|200px|Rontang Pagunuangan Aravalli hijau nan subur di Gurun - [[Rajasthan]], nagaro India. Sabuah kaâjaiban bagaimano tanaman hijau samacam tu dapek ado di Rajasthan nan paneh, tampek nan takana jo [[Gurun Thar]]-nyo]]
[[Berkas:Chicago Downtown Aerial View.jpg|jmpl|Citra ekosistem manusia dari udaro (di dalam foto iko iyolah kota [[Chicago]]).]]
{{main|Ekologi|Ekosistem}}
===Alam liar===
[[Berkas:Biogradska suma.jpg|jmpl|Hutan di Taman Nasional [[Biogradska Gora]], [[Montenegro]].]]
{{main|Utan|Gunuang}}

==Kahidupan==
{{main|Kahidupan}}
[[Berkas:Man of the woods.JPG|jmpl|kiri|[[Karo]] di Sumatra.]]
===Evolusi===
[[Berkas:Amazon Manaus forest.jpg|jmpl|275px|[[Utan Amazon|Utan hujan Amazon]] di [[Brasil]]. [[Biodiversitas]] utan hujan di [[Amerika Salatan]] marupoan nan paliang baragam di [[Bumi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=28907|title=Why the Amazon Rainforest is So Rich in Species : News|publisher=Earthobservatory.nasa.gov|date=2005-12-05|accessdate=2011-05-14|archive-date=2011-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225204348/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=28907|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225204348/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=28907 |date=2011-02-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051205163236.htm|title=Why The Amazon Rainforest Is So Rich In Species|publisher=Sciencedaily.com|date=2005-12-05|accessdate=2011-05-14}}</ref>]]
{{Main|Evolusi}}

=== Mikrob ===
[[Berkas:E coli at 10000x.jpg|jmpl|lurus|Bakteri ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' dilihat dengan perbesaran 10.000×.]]
{{Main|Mikroorganisme}}
===Tumbuahan dan hewan===
{{main|Tumbuahan|Hewan}}
[[Berkas:Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png|jmpl|kiri|Babagai spesies tumbuahan.]]
[[Berkas:Animal diversity.png|jmpl|Ado banyak spesies hewan di planet iko.]]

==Hubuangan jo manusia==
[[Berkas:Na Pali Coast - Kauai.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Dek takana jo kaindahan alamnyo, lembah tarpancil di sapanjang ''Pantai Na Pali'', [[Hawaii]] banyak dimodifikasi dengan diparkonalkan [[spesies invasif]] ajak pohon ''She-oak''.]]
[[Berkas:Dodo 1.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|[[Dodo]], spesies asli [[Mauritius]] yang punah akibat ulah manusia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.island-of-mauritius.com/dodo.htm|title=Le Dodo|accessdate=2011-11-17}}</ref>]]

==Materi jo energi==
[[Berkas:HAtomOrbitals.png|jmpl|ka|200px|Atom Hidrogen.]]
{{Main|Materi|Energi}}

== Di lua Bumi ==
[[Berkas:Solar System size to scale mul.svg|jmpl|300px|kiri|[[Planet]] dan [[planet katai]] di [[Tata Surya]].]]
[[Berkas:NGC 4414 (NASA-med).jpg|jmpl|[[NGC 4414]] iyolah [[Galaksi#Spiral|galaksi spiral]] di rasi [[Coma Berenices]] badiameter sakitar 56.000 [[taun cahayo]] dan bajarak sakitar 60 juta taun cahayo dari [[Bumi]].]]

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}
==Pautan lua==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q1|mw=Alam|m=Alam |c:Special:Search/Category:Nature|species=no|n=Alam|display=Alam|wikt=alam|b=Judul:Fisika|v=Alam|voy=yes}}
* {{Commons category-inline|nature|alam}}
* [http://nature.org The Nature Conservancy] Organisasi yang mencurahkan pada perlindungan diversitas alam di seluruh dunia
* [http://www.english-nature.org.uk English Nature] Organisasi pemerintah Inggris perlindungan diversitas alam di Inggris
* [http://www.wildlife-photo.org Gambar margasatwa dan alam]
* [http://www.naturedetectives.org.uk Nature Detectives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050130005903/http://www.naturedetectives.org.uk/ |date=2005-01-30 }} Riset online dan proyek pendidikan untuk orang berumur di bawah 18 di Inggris
* [http://www.macro-photo.org Fotografi alam dan margasatwa, gambar makro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929050118/http://www.macro-photo.org/ |date=2006-09-29 }}
* [http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/index.html Animal Bytes - San Diego Zoo] Sumber yang baik untuk sejarah alam binatang
* [http://www.lampeace.com/2011/05/fenomena-alam-dalam-prospek-dunia.html fenomena alam dalam prospek dunia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722181355/http://www.lampeace.com/2011/05/fenomena-alam-dalam-prospek-dunia.html |date=2020-07-22 }}
* [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (iucnredlist.org)]
* [http://www.wild.org/ The Wild Foundation – The heart of the global wilderness conservation movement (wild.org)]*
* [http://www.fauna-flora.org/ Fauna & Flora International is taking decisive action to help save the world’s wild species and spaces (fauna-flora.org)]
* [http://www.eurowildlife.org European Wildlife is a Pan-European non-profit organization dedicated to nature preservation and environmental protection (eurowildlife.org)]
* [http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html Nature Journal (nature.com)]
* [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ The National Geographic Society (nationalgeographic.com)]
* [http://www.arkive.org Record of life on Earth (arkive.org)] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20160426231847/http://www.arkive.org/ |date=2016-04-26 }}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/ BBC – Science and Nature (bbc.co.uk)]
* [https://www.pbs.org/topics/science-nature/ PBS – Science and Nature (pbs.org)]
* [http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/ Science Daily (sciencedaily.com)]
* [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/index_en.htm European Commission – Nature and Biodiversity (ec.europa.eu)]
* [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ Natural History Museum (.nhm.ac.uk)]
* [http://eol.org/ Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org)].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506215842/http://science.gov/browse/w_123.htm Science.gov – Environment & Environmental Quality].
* [https://www.check123.com/categories/nature Check123 – Nature videos (Check123.com)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606165757/https://www.check123.com/categories/nature |date=2017-06-06 }}
* [http://www.naturelyrics.com/pages/articles/nature_photography/nature_in_nature_photography.html Art of the Nature Timelines on Wikipedia]

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