Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey
Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster
Fasad barat Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey
Lokasi	Dean's Yard, London, SW1
Nagara	Inggris
Denominasi	Gereja Inggirih
Denominasi sebelumnya	Roman Catholic
Kagarejaan	Anglo-Katoliki
Situs web	westminster-abbey.org
Sejarah
Didirikan	lk. 959
Tangga konsekrasi	28 Desember 1065, 13 Ostober 1269
Arsitektur
Status	Gereja kolegiat
Status fungsional	Aktif
Panatapan warisan	Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO
Ditatapkan	1987
Dibangun	1245–1269 (gereja maso kini)
Palatakan batu partamo	1245 (gereja maso kini)
Salasai	1269 (gereja maso kini)
Spesifikasi
Leba bagian tangah gareja	85 kaki (26 m)
Tinggi	101 kaki (31 m)
Area lantai	32,000 square feet (3,000 m2)
Jumlah manaro	2
Tinggi manaro	225 kaki (69 m)
Bahan bangunan	Batu Reigate; Batu Portland; Marmer Purbeck
Lonceang	10
Administrasi
Kauskupan	Keuskupan ekstra (gereja kerajaan))
Klerus
Dekan	David Hoyle
Koordinat	51°29′58″N 00°07′39″W
Didirikan	lk. 959
Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO
Namo resmi: Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret's Church
Jinih	Budaya
Kriteria	i, ii, iv
Ditatapkan	1987 (11th session)
426
Negara	Britania Raya
Region	Eropa dan Amerika Utara
Listed Building – Grade I
Namo resmi: Westminster Abbey (The Collegiate Church of St Peter)
Ditatapkan	24 Februari 1958
No. rujuakan	1291494

Westminster Abbey, nan sacaro resmi banamo Gereja Kolese Santo Petrus di Westminster, adolah sabuah gereja Anglikan di Kota Westminster, London, Inggirih. Samanjak tahun 1066, gereja iko alah manjadi lokasi penobatan 40 pawarih monarki Inggirih, jo Britania Raya sarato tampek pamakaman 18 pawarih monarki Inggris, Skotlandia, jo Britania Raya. Saindaknyo 16 pernikahan karajaan alah balansuang di tampek ini sajak tahun 1100.

Although the origins of the church are obscure, an abbey housing Benedictine monks was on the site by the mid-10th century. The church got its first large building from the 1040s, commissioned by King Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside. Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of Henry III. The monastery was dissolved in 1559, and the church was made a royal peculiar — Church of England church, accountable directly to the sovereign – by Elizabeth I. The abbey, the Palace of Westminster and St Margaret's Church became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 because of their historic and symbolic significance.

Meskipun asal-usul gereja iko alun jaleh, sabuah rumah nan menampung para biarawan Benediktin dipastian barado di lokasi iko pada partangahan abaik ka-10. Gereja iko patamo kali punyo bangunan gadang sajak tahun 1040-an, nan nan dibangun ateh kandak Rajo Edward sang Pengaku, nan dikubuaan di dalam bangunan. Pambangunan gereja nan kini dimulai pado tahun 1245 atas parentah Henry III. Rumah biara dibubarkan pado tahun 1559, dan gereja iko dijadian sabagai gereja kerajaan—gereja dalam Gereja Inggris, nan batangguang jawab lansuang kapado panguaso—dek Elizabeth I. Biara, Istana Westminster, jo Gereja St Margaret manjadi Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO pado tahun 1987 dek nilai historis jo simbolisnyo.

Arsitektur Gotik gereja iko tautamo tapangaruah dek gaya Parancih jo Inggirih abaik ke-13, meskipun babarapi bagian gereja punyo gaya Romawi sabalunnyo atau gaya Barok jo modern. Kapel Henry VII, di ujuang timur gereja, adolah contoh khas arsitektur Gotik Tegak Lurus; ahli barang antik John Leland manyabuiknyo orbis miraculum (“keajaiban dunia”).

Biara iko marupoan tampek pamakaman labih dari 3.300 orang, banyak di antaranyo adolah tokoh-tokoh penting dalam sijarah Inggirih: rajo, perdana menteri, panyair, aktor, musisi, ilmuwan, pamimpin militer, jo Prajurit Tak Dikenal. Dek tanamnyo tokoh-tokoh yang dimakaman di sinan, seniman William Morris manggambaran biara iko sabagai “Valhalla Nasional”.

Rujuakan

• Black, Jeremy (2007). George II: Puppet of the Politicians?. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. ISBN 978-0859898072. 
• Binski, Paul; Clark, James G. (2019). "A House of Kings: 1100–1307". Westminster Abbey: A Church in History. London: Paul Mellon Centre For Studies In British Art. ISBN 978-1-913107-02-4. 
• Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (2001). Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 978-1840223101. 
• Cannadine, David (2019). Westminster Abbey: A Church in History. London: Paul Mellon Centre For Studies In British Art. ISBN 978-1-913107-02-4. 
• Carr, Wesley (1999). Westminster Abbey. Norwich: Jarrold. ISBN 0300095953. https://archive.org/details/westminsterabbey0000carr. Diakses pado 8 Oktober 2023. 
• Clark, James G.; Binski, Paul (2019). "Plantagenet Tragedies to Tudor Triumphs: 1307–1534". Westminster Abbey: A Church in History. London: Paul Mellon Centre For Studies In British Art. ISBN 978-1-913107-02-4. 
• Corrigan, Imogen (2018). Stone on Stone: The Men Who Built The Cathedrals. Ramsbury, Marlborough: Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0719827983. 
• Crook, J. Mordaunt (2019). "Towards A Broad Church Valhalla: 1837–1901". Westminster Abbey: A Church in History. London: Paul Mellon Centre For Studies In British Art. ISBN 978-1-913107-02-4. 
• Duckers, Peter (2004). British Orders and Decorations. Princes Risebrough, Buckinghamshire: Shire Publishing. ISBN 0-7478-0580-6. https://archive.org/details/britishordersdec0000duck. Diakses pado 30 Nopember 2023. 
• Fernie, Eric (2009). "Edward the Confessor's Westminster Abbey". Edward the Confessor: The Man and the Legend. Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84615-716-5. 
• Fawcett, Jane (1998). Historic Floors (edisi ke-First). London: Faylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1136398568. 
• Foster, Richard (1991). Patterns of Thought: The Hidden Meaning of the Great Pavement of Westminster Abbey. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-224-02910-X. https://archive.org/details/patternsofthough0000fost/page/n5/mode/1up?view=theater. Diakses pado 5 Nopember 2023. 
• Harvey, Barbara (1993). Living and Dying in England 1100–1540: The Monastic Experience. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-1861976482. https://archive.org/details/livingdyingineng0000harv/. Diakses pado 8 Oktober 2023. 
• Harvey, Barbara (22 November 2007). "The Dissolution and Westminster Abbey". Special Centenary Conference of the English Benedictine Congregation. Diarsipan dari nan asli pada 15 Oktober 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181015090325/http://www.monlib.org.uk/papers/westminster/2007harvey.html. Diakses pado 2 Maret 2023. 
• Horn, Joyce M. (1992). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857. 7: Ely, Norwich, Westminster and Worcester Dioceses. London: Institute of Historical Research. OCLC 940336626. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/fasti-ecclesiae/1541-1847/vol7/pp65-67. Diakses pado 2 Maret 2023. 
• Jenkyns, Richard (2004). Westminster Abbey: A Thousand Years of National Pageantry. London: Profile Books. ISBN 1846685346. https://archive.org/details/westminsterabbey0000jenk_b2j7. Diakses pado 8 Oktober 2023. 
• Jones, Ian (2016). London: Bombed Blitzed and Blown Up: The British Capital Under Attack Since 1867.. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Frontline Books. ISBN 978-1473879010. 
• Lindley, Phillip (2003). "Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey". In Making Medieval Art. Donington: Shaun Tyas. ISBN 1-900289-59-8. 
• MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2019). "The Great Transition: 1530–1603". Westminster Abbey: A Church in History. London: Paul Mellon Centre For Studies In British Art. ISBN 978-1-913107-02-4. 
• Merritt, Julia F. (2019). "Monarchy, Protestantism and Revolution: 1603–1714". Westminster Abbey: A Church in History. London: Paul Mellon Centre For Studies In British Art. ISBN 978-1-913107-02-4. 
• Morris, William (1900). Architecture and History and Westminster Abbey. London: Longmans & Co.. OCLC 898997220. https://archive.org/details/architecturehist00morr/page/n61/mode/2up. Diakses pado 2 Maret 2023. 
• Pevsner, Nikolaus (1973). Pevsner, Nikolaus. ed. The Buildings of England: London. 1: The Cities of London and Westminster. Revised by Bridget Cherry (edisi ke-3rd). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. ISBN 014-071011-6. https://archive.org/details/londonicitiesof00pevs/page/n4/mode/1up?view=theater. 
• Reynolds, Christine (2002). Stained Glass of Westminster Abbey. Great Britain: Jarrold. ISBN 0413184706. https://archive.org/details/stainedglassofwe0000reyn. Diakses pado 8 Oktober 2023. 
• Robinson, Brian (1992). Silver Pennies & Linen Towels: The Story of the Royal Maundy. London: Spink & Sons Ltd.. ISBN 978-0907605355. 
• Rodwell, Warwick (2010). The Lantern Tower of Westminster Abbey, 1060–2010: Reconstructing its History and Architecture. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1842179796. 
• Stafford, Pauline (2009). "Edith, Edward's Wife and Queen". Edward the Confessor: The Man and the Legend. Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84615-716-5. 
• Summerson, Henry (2019). "From Legend to History: c. 604 – c. 1100". Westminster Abbey: A Church in History. London: Paul Mellon Centre For Studies In British Art. ISBN 978-1-913107-02-4. 
• Trowles, Tony (2008). Treasures of Westminster Abbey. London: Scala. ISBN 978-1857594546. 
• Webb, Simon (2014). The Suffragette Bombers: Britain's Forgotten Terrorists. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1783400645. https://archive.org/details/SimonWebbTheSuffragetteBombersBritainsForgottenTerrorists2014PenSwordBooks. Diakses pado 8 Oktober 2023. 
• Weir, Alison (2011). "Princely Marriage: Royal Weddings from 1066 to 1714". The Ring and the Crown: A History of Royal Weddings, 1066–2011. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-09-194377-6. http://archive.org/details/ringcrownahistor0000unse. 
• Wilkinson, James; Knighton, Charles S. (2010). Crown and Cloister: The Royal Story of Westminster Abbey. London: Scala Publishers. ISBN 9781857596281. https://archive.org/details/crowncloisterroy0000unse. Diakses pado 8 Oktober 2023. 
• Wilkinson, James (2013). Westminster Abbey (edisi ke-Revised). London: Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers. ISBN 978-1857598216.