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Urang Asyur

Wikipedia Minangkabau - Lubuak aka tapian ilimu
Asyur
Sūrāyē / Sūryōyē / Ātūrā'
Total populasi
4 juta[1]
Kawasan jo populasi nan signifikan
Wilayah pemukiman tradisional orang Asyur:735.000-745.100
 Suriah400.000[2]
 Irak300.000[3]
 Iran20.000[4][5]
 Turki15.000–25.100[4][6][7]
Diaspora:496.467-970.605
 Amerika Serikat110.807–400.000[8][9]
 Yordania100.000–150.000[10][11]
 Swedia100.000[12]
 Jerman100.000[13]
 Lebanon39.000[14]
 Australia30.631[15]
 Belanda20.000[16]
 Prancis16.000[17]
 Belgia15.000[16]
 Rusia10.911[18]
 Kanada10.810[19]
 Denmark10.000[16]
 Swiss10.000[16]
 Britania Raya6.390[20]
 Yunani6.000[21]
 Georgia3.299[22]
 Ukraina3.143[23]
 Italia3.000[16]
 Armenia2.769[24]
 Selandia Baru1.683[25]
 Azerbaijan1.500[26]
 Israel1.000[27]
 Kazakhstan350–800[28][29]
 Finlandia300[30]
Bahaso
Neo-Aramaik
(Asyur, Turoyo)
Agamo
Terutama Kekristenan
(mayoritas: Kekristenan Siria; minoritas: Protestantisme)
Kalompok etnis takaik
Armenia  • Mandean  • Yahudi Mizrahi  • Maronit

Urang Asyur ( bahasa Suryani ), juo dikenal sabagai " Urang Asyur Kasdim " jo " Urang Siria ", adolah salah satu kalompok etnoagamo pribumi Timur Tangah . [31] [32] [33] Kabanyakan urang Asyur mangecek jo bahaso Neo-Aram, nan subdivisinyo tamasuak bahaso Neo-Aram Timur Laut, Tangah, jo Barat, sarato bahaso lainnyo, tagantuang pado nagara tampek tingga. [34] Urang Asyur adolah katurunan dari salah satu paradaban tatuo di dunia, nan bamulo pado taun 2500 SM, di Mesopotamia kuno . [35]

Mayoritas urang Asyur adolah urang Kristen, tarutamo manggunoan ritus liturgi Siria Timur jo Barat . Gereja-gereja ritus Siria Timur tamasuak Gereja Asyur Timur, Gereja Kuno Timur, jo Gereja Katolik Kasdim ; panganuiknyo kabanyakan babahaso cabang Timur Laut dari bahaso Aram Timur. Samantaro gereja-gereja ritus Siria Barat, yaitu Gereja Ortodoks Siria jo Gereja Katolik Siria, kabanyakan babahaso-bahaso cabang Tangah.

Daerah-daerah nan mambantuak tanah air Asyur adolah bagian dari Irak utara kini, Turki tenggara, Iran barat laut, jo Suriah timur laut . [36] [37] Mayoritas urang Asyur nan barasa dari daerah-daerah iko alah bapindah ka bagian lain di dunia, sarupo Amerika Serikat, Levant, Eropa, Rusia, Australia, jo Kaukasus, salamo abaik nan lalu atau labiah. [38] Emigrasi dipicu dek kajadian-kajadian sarupo Genosida Asyur dek Kakaisaran Utsmaniyah salamo Parang Dunia I, Pambantaian Simele di Irak (1933), Revolusi Iran (1979), kabijakan Baathisme Nasionalis Arab di Irak jo Suriah, jo kampanye al-Anfal Saddagn Hussein . [39] Kabanyakan urang Asyur maninggaan nagaranyo sasudah invasi Irak pado taun 2003 . Mareka pindah ka nagara lain karano panzaliman agamo jo etnis, kondisi ekonomi nan buruak dek sanksi taradok Irak, jo kondisi kaamanan nan indak stabil.

Kajadian-kajadian baru-baru ko, yaitu Parang Irak 2003 jo Parang Saudara Suriah nan dimulai pado 2011, alah manggusur komunitas Asyur daerah karano maadoki panganiayaan etnis jo agamo dek ekstremis. Dari sajuta atau labiah urang Irak nan dilaporkan PBB alah lari dari Irak sajak panduduakan, ampia 40% dari mareka adolah urang Asyur, walaupun urang Asyur hanyo mambantuak 3% dari demografi Irak sabalun parang. [40] [41] Manuruik laporan 2013 dek pejabat Dewan Rakyat Asyur Suriah Kasdim, dipakiroan hanyo 300.000 urang Asyur nan tingga di Irak.

Referensi

[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ "Syria's Assyrians threatened by extremists – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  3. ↑ "مسؤول مسيحي : عدد المسيحيين في العراق تراجع الى ثلاثمائة الف". Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  4. ↑ a b "Ishtar: Documenting The Crisis In The Assyrian Iranian Community". aina.org. 
  5. ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2010-10-13). "Iran: Last of the Assyrians". Refworld. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-18. 
  6. ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld - World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Turkey : Assyrians". Refworld. 
  7. ↑ Joshua Project. "Assyrian in Turkey". Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  8. ↑ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  9. ↑ "Brief History of Assyrians". Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  10. ↑ Thrown to the Lions, Doug Bandow, The America Spectator
  11. ↑ Jordan Should Legally Recognize Displaced Iraqis As Refugees, AINA.org. Assyrian and Chaldean Christians Flee Iraq to Neighboring Jordan, ASSIST News Service
  12. ↑ Demographics of Sweden, Swedish Language Council "Sweden has also one of the largest exile communities of Assyrian and Syriac Christians (also known as Chaldeans) with a population of around 100,000."
  13. ↑ "Erzdiözese". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-11-07. Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  14. ↑ Tore Kjeilen. "Lebanon / Religions – LookLex Encyclopaedia". Looklex.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-18. 
  15. ↑ "Statistics from the 2011 Census" (PDF). The People of NSW. Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Commonwealth of Australia. 2014. Table 13, Ancestry. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-04-17. Diakses tanggal 23 July 2016. 
  16. ↑ a b c d e "CNN Under-Estimates Iraqi Assyrian Population". Aina.org. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-18. 
  17. ↑ Wieviorka & Bataille 2007, pp. 166
  18. ↑ "Google Translate". Translate.googleusercontent.com. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-18. 
  19. ↑ Statistics Canada. "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables". Diakses tanggal 11 February 2014. 
  20. ↑ Joshua Project. "Assyrian of United Kingdom Ethnic People Profile". Joshuaproject.net. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-18. 
  21. ↑ Tzilivakis, Kathy (10 May 2003). "Iraq's Forgotten Christians Face Exclusion in Greece". Athens News. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2012. 
  22. ↑ "Georgia – ecoi.net – European Country of Origin Information Network". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-10. Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  23. ↑ State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census (Ukrainian)
  24. ↑ 2011 Armenian Census
  25. ↑ http://www.stats.govt.nz/ New Zealand 2006 census
  26. ↑ Joshua Project. "Assyrian in Azerbaijan". Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  27. ↑ [2][pranala nonaktif permanen]
  28. ↑ "Assyrian Community in Kazakhstan Survived Dark Times, Now Focuses on Education". The Astana Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 March 2021. Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  29. ↑ "Kazakhstan Live". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-06-01. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-27. 
  30. ↑ "Assyrian Association Founded in Finland". aina.org. Diakses tanggal 18 February 2015. 
  31. ↑ Travis, Hannibal. Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2010, 2007, pp. 237-77, 293–294 ISBN 9781594604362
  32. ↑ Parpola, Simo (2004). "National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times" (PDF). Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. JAAS. 18 (2): 22. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-17. Diakses tanggal 2025-3-5. 
  33. ↑ James Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A-C, pp. 205-209
  34. ↑ Carl Skutsch, Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities, p. 149
  35. ↑ A. Leo Oppenheim (1964). Ancient Mesopotamia. The University of Chicago Press. https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/ancient_mesopotamia.pdf. 
  36. ↑ Donabed, Sargon (2015). Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-8605-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=bwLdCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT18. 
  37. ↑ Carl Skutsch (2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=yXYKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA149. 
  38. ↑ Joshua Project. "Assyrian in Georgia". Diakses tanggal 2025-3-5. 
  39. ↑ Eden Naby. "Documenting The Crisis In The Assyrian Iranian Community". 
  40. ↑ "Iraq's Christian community, fights for its survival". Christian World News. 
  41. ↑ "U.S. Gov't Watchdog Urges Protection for Iraq's Assyrian Christians". The Christian Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2025-3-5. 
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