Undang-Undang Nürnberg

Undang-Undang Nürnberg (bahaso Jerman: Nürnberger Gesetze, pangucapan [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁɡɐ ɡəˈzɛtsə] ( danga)) adolah sarangkaian undang-undang antisemit jo rasis nan disahan dek Jerman Nazi pado tangga 15 September 1935 dalam rapek khusus Reichstag sangkek rapek gadang Partai Nazi di Nürnberg. Duo aturan nan disahan adolah Undang-Undang Perlindungan Darah jo Kehormatan Jerman, nan managah urang Jerman manikah atau baubuangan intim jo rumah urang Yahudi dan managahan urang Yahudi mampakarajoan padusi Jerman nan baumua di bawah 45 tahun; sarato Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan Reich, nan manetapkan bahaso hanyo urang-urang badarah Jerman atau terkait nan mamenuhi syarat manjadi warga negara Reich, salabiahnyo akan dianggap sabagai panduduak tanpa hak kewarganegaraan. Katetapan tambahan nan mengatur mangenai panggolongan urang Yahudi disahan pado tanggal 14 November, dan Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan Reich sacaro resmi dibalakuan sajak sangkek itu. Undang-undang tersebut dipalueh pado tanggal 26 November untuak juo mancakup bangso Romani jo urang kulik hitam. Katetapan tambahan tersebut manyatoan bangsa Romani adolah "musuah dari negara berbasis ras", golongan nan setara jo urang Yahudi.
Daftar pustaka
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Allen, Nick (26 Agustus 2010). "Nuremberg Laws handed over to US National Archives". The Daily Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 September 2010. Diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2015.
- Banka, Neha (22 April 2019). "Inside the Secret World of Indonesia's Jewish Community". Haaretz (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 8 April 2020.
- Bradsher, Greg (Winter 2010). "The Nuremberg Laws: Archives Receives Original Nazi Documents That "Legalized" Persecution of Jews". Prologue Magazine. National Archives and Records Administration. 42 (4). Diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2015.
- Bullock, Alan (1962). Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-013564-0.
- Burleigh, Michael; Wippermann, Wolfgang (1991). The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-39802-2. https://archive.org/details/racialstate00mich.
- Cheong Suk-Wai (8 Oktober 2015). "Kosher kitchen gave hope during WWII". The Straits Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 8 April 2020.
- Dikovski, Antoinette (19 Juli 2000). "България само администрираше "новите земи"". Демокрация (dalam bahasa Bulgaria). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 18 Juli 2011. Diakses tanggal 11 Maret 2015.
- Ehrenreich, Eric (2007). The Nazi Ancestral Proof: Genealogy, Racial Science, and the Final Solution. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-11687-1. https://archive.org/details/naziancestralpro00ehre_0.
- Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-303469-8.
- Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-303790-3. https://archive.org/details/thirdreichinpowe00evan.
- Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-311671-4. https://archive.org/details/thirdreichatwar00evan_0.
- Fischer, Ronit (2012). "Transnistria: The Holocaust in Romania". di dalam Friedman, Jonathan C. Routledge History of the Holocaust. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. pp. 277–290. ISBN 978-0-415-52087-4.
- Friedländer, Saul (2009). Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933–1945. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-1350276. https://archive.org/details/nazigermanyjews10000frie.
- Frojimovics, Kinga (2012). "Special Characteristics of the Holocaust in Hungary, 1938–45". di dalam Friedman, Jonathan C. Routledge History of the Holocaust. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. pp. 248–263. ISBN 978-0-415-52087-4.
- Gellately, Robert (1991). The Gestapo and German Society: Enforcing Racial Policy, 1933–1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-820297-0.
- Gilbert, Martin (2002). The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust. London, England: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-41528-145-4. https://archive.org/details/routledgeatlasof0000gilb_f3l1.
- Goldhagen, Daniel (1996). Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-44695-8.
- Gordon, Sarah (1984). Hitler, Germans, and the 'Jewish Question'. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05412-6. https://archive.org/details/hitlergermansjew0000gord.
- Grenville, John (2002). "Neglected Holocaust victims: the Mischlinge, the Judischversippte, and the Gypsies". di dalam Berenbaum, Michael; Peck, Abraham J.. The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 314–326. ISBN 0-253-33374-1.
- Hancock, Ian (2012). "The Neglected Memory of the Romanies". di dalam Friedman, Jonathan C.. The Routledge History of the Holocaust. New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 375–384. ISBN 978-0-415-52087-4.
- Hilberg, Raul (2003). The Destruction of the European Jews. III. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09592-0.
- Isaacson, Walter (2007). Einstein: His Life and Universe. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-7432-6473-0. https://archive.org/details/einsteinhislifeu0000isaa.
- Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6. https://archive.org/details/hitlerbiography0000kers.
- Longerich, Peter (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5. https://archive.org/details/holocaustnaziper0000long.
- Majer, Diemut (2003). "Non-Germans" under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945. Baltimore; London: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6493-3.
- Marrus, Michael (2000). The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined. Toronto: Key Porter.
- Matić, Igor-Philip (2002) (dalam bahaso de). Edmund VeesenMeier: Agent und Diplomat der nationalsozialistischen Expansionspolitik. München: Oldenbourg Verlag. ISBN 978-3-486-56677-2.
- McGarry, Aidan (2010). Who Speaks for Roma?: Political Representation of a Transnational Minority Community. New York; London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-8264-2880-6.
- Milton, Sybil H. (2001). ""Gypsies" as social outsiders in Nazi Germany". di dalam Gellately, Robert; Stoltzfus, Nathan. Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08684-2.
- Mommsen, Hans (1989). "The Realization of the Unthinkable: The 'Final Solution of the Jewish Question'". di dalam Marrus, Michael. The "Final Solution": The Implementation of Mass Murder. The Nazi Holocaust, Part 3. 1. Westport, CT: Meckler. pp. 217–264. ISBN 0-88736-255-9.
- Morrison, Wayne (2006). Criminology, Civilisation and the New World Order. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-904-38512-7. https://archive.org/details/criminologycivil0000morr.
- "Reichsbürgergesetz und Gesetz zum Schutze des deutschen Blutes und der deutschen Ehre ["Nürnberger Gesetze"]" (dalam bahasa Jerman). Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. 14 November 1935.
- Rhodes, Richard (2003). Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust. New York: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-375-70822-0. https://archive.org/details/mastersofdeathss0000rich.
- Rodogno, David (2006). Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84515-1. https://archive.org/details/fascismseuropean0000rodo.
- Scheil, Stefan (11 Maret 2012). "Arier". Junge Freiheit (dalam bahasa Jerman). Diakses tanggal 11 Maret 2015.
- Schulz, Edgar Hans; Frercks, Rudolf (1934) (dalam bahaso de). Warum Arierparagraph? Ein Beitrag zur Judenfrage. Berlin: NSDAP Office of Racial Policy. OCLC 802537. http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/arier.htm.
- Shirer, William L. (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-62420-0.
- "Sinti and Roma: Victims of the Nazi Era" (PDF). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Diakses tanggal 6 September 2016.
- Staff (21 Maret 1933). "Boycott Advocated to Curb Hitlerism; W.W. Cohen Says Any Jew Who Buys Goods Made in Germany Is a 'Traitor." The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2009.
- Yahil, Leni; Friedman, Ina (1991). The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry: 1932-1945. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195045239. https://books.google.com/books?id=e_aRvKpLUf0C&pg=PA95.
- "Nuremberg Race Laws". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/nuremberg-laws#translation-4. Diakses pado 4 Desember2023.
- Wildt, Michael (2012). Hitler's Volksgemeinschaftand the Dynamics of Racial Exclusion: Violence Against Jews in Provincial Germany, 1919–1939. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-0857453228.
- Wolfe, Stephanie (2014). The Politics of Reparations and Apologies. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4614-9184-2.