Provinsi Nuristan
Nuristan, dibaco juo Nurestan atau Nooristan, dikenal sabagai Nuriston, jo sacaro historis disabuik Kafiristan hinggo tahun 1896, adolah salah ciek dari 34 provinsi di Afganistan nan talatak di bagian timur nagara tu. Provinsi ko tabagi manjadi 7 distrik jo marupokan provinsi nan panduduaknyo paliang saketek di Afganistan, hanyo 167.000 jiwa.[1] Parun bafungsi sabagai ibu kota provinsi. Nuristan babatehan jo Laghman sarato Kunar di selatan, Badakhshan di utara, Panjshir di barat, sarato Pakistan di timur.
Asa mulo masyarakaik Nuristan masih dipadebatan, mulai dari anggapan bahwa urang-urang tu adolah panduduak asali nan tapaso malarian diri ka wilayah ko sasudah manolak manyarah ka urang nan manyarang, hinggo dikaikan jo babagai kalompok kuno jo rajo-rajo Turk Shahi.[2][3] Babarapo urang Nuristan mangklaim sabagai katurunan urang Yunani nan dibaok dek Aleksander nan Aguang. Wilayah ko sabalumnyo disabuik Kafiristan (Tanah Urang Kapia) hinggo sacaro tapaso mamaluak Islam pado tahun 1895, sasudah sabalumnyo maanuik kapicayoan animisme[4][5] nan mamaduan unsua-unsua agamo Indo-Iran (mirip jo agamo Weda atau Hindu) jo variasi lokal.[6][7] Sajak wakatu itu, wilayah ko dikenal jo namo Nuristan (Tanah Cahayo).[8] Daerah ko daulunyo talatak di kawasan nan dikaliliangi dek paradaban Buddha jo Hindu nan kamudian dikuasoi dek umaik Islam.[9]
Pakarajaan utamo panduduak Nuristan adolah patani, pataranak, jo buruh harian. Talatak di lereang selatan Pagunuangan Hindu Kush di bagian timur lauik Afganistan, wilayah provinsi ko mancakuik lambah-lambah sungai Alingar, Pech, Landai Sin, dan Kunar. Sabagian gadang wilayahnyo tatutuik rimbo pagunuangan jo mampunyoi karagaman hayati nan kayo jo iklim monsun nan khas nan baasa dari aliran udaro Lautan Hindia.[10] Sajak tahun 2020, kasadoan wilayah Nuristan alah ditetapkan sabagai taman nasional nan dilinduangi.[11][12]
Rujuakan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- ↑ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021–22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 24 June 2021. Diakses tanggal June 21, 2021.
- ↑ Ludwig W. Adamec (1985). Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Volume 6. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz. p. 348.
- ↑ Dr. Hussain Khan. "The Genesis of the Royal Title". Journal of Central Asia. Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia, Quaid-i-Azam University. 14: 111, 112.
- ↑ Ansary 2014.
- ↑ Richard F. Strand (31 December 2005). "Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristan". nuristan.info. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 April 2019. Diakses tanggal 3 March 2018.
- ↑ Minahan 2014, hlm. 205.
- ↑ Barrington, Kendrick & Schlagintweit 2006, hlm. 111.
- ↑ Klimberg 2004.
- ↑ Alberto M. Cacopardo (2016). "Fence of Peristan – The Islamization of the "Kafirs" and Their Domestication". Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia. Società Italiana di Antropologia e Etnologia: 69, 77.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Bright Spot: Wildlife Thriving in War Zones". National Geographic Society. 14 July 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 September 2019.
- ↑ Reza Shirmohammad. "ولایت نورستان در افغانستان به عنوان پارک ملی اعلام گردید" [Nuristan province in Afghanistan was declared as a national park]. Deutsche Welle.
- ↑ "Residents Welcome Designation of National Park in Nuristan".
Bibliografi
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Ansary, Tamim (2014) (dalam bahaso en). Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan. PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781610393195. https://books.google.com/books?id=edAiBQAAQBAJ&q=kafiristan+animist&pg=PA98.
- Barrington, Nicholas; Kendrick, Joseph T.; Schlagintweit, Reinhard (2006) (dalam bahaso en). A Passage to Nuristan: Exploring the Mysterious Afghan Hinterland. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845111755.
- Klimberg, Max (2004). "NURISTAN". Encyclopædia Iranica (edisi ke-Online). United States: Columbia University. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nuristan.
- Minahan, James B. (2014) (dalam bahaso en). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610690188.
- Ruhland, Heike (2019). Peacebuilding in Pakistan: A Study on the Religious Minorities and Initiatives for Interfaith Harmony. Waxmann Verlag.
- Vinogradov, A.G.; Zharnikova, S.V. (2020). Indo-European Ornamental Complexes and their Analogies in the Cultures of Eurasia.
- Witzel, Michael (2004). "Kalash Religion (extract from 'The Ṛgvedic Religious System and its Central Asian and Hindukush Antecedents')". The Vedas: Texts, Language and Ritual. Groningen: Forsten. pp. 581–636. https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/3370/1/KalashaReligion.pdf.