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Politik sayok kida

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Politik sayok kida adolah spektrum ideologi politik nan mandukuang jo baupayo mawujuikan kasataraan sosial sarato egalitarianisme, acok kali sabagai bantuak panantangan tahadap hierarki sosial, baiak sacaro kasadoan[1][2][3][4] ataupun hanyo hierarki tatantu.[5] Politik sayok kida umumnyo bafokus ka kapadulian tahadap kalompok masyarakat nan dianggap kurang baruntuang dibandiangan nan lain, sarato mayakini bahwa tadapek kaindaksetaraan nan indak dapek dibanaan jo paralu dikurangi atau dihapuih,[3] malalui caro-caro radikal nan maubah sipaik masyarakat tampek ideologi ko digunoan.[5]

Manuruik Barry Clark, profesor emeritus ilmu ekonomi, pandukuang politik sayok kida “mayakini bahwasanyo pakambangan manusia dapek bakambang sacaro optimal katiko individu talibaik dalam hubuangan nan kooperatif jo saliang manghormati, nan hanyo dapek tumbuah jikok perbedaan balabiahan dalam status, kuaso, jo harato bando dihapuihan”.[6]

Kini ko, ideologi takah liberalisme sosial jo sosial demokrasi dianggap sabagai bagian dari spektrum tangah-kida, samantaro istilah “kida” umumnyo digunoan untuak garakan nan labiah kritis tahadap kapitalisme,[7] tamasuak garakan pakarajo, sosialisme, anarkisme, komunisme, marxisme, jo sindikalisme, nan masiang-masiang mandapekan pangaruah pado abaik ka-19 jo 20.[8] Salain tu, istilah sayok kida juo digunoan pado babagai garakan sosial nan basipaik liberal sacaro budaya jo progresif,[9] takah garakan hak-hak sipil, hak ateh aborsi, multikulturalisme, hak LGBT, garakan anti-parang, sarato garakan lingkuangan iduik,[10][11] basamo jo babagai partai politik nan mawakiannyo.[12][13][14]‌

  1. ↑ Cultures at War: Moral Conflicts in Western Democracies. Toronto, Canada: Broadview Press. 1 Nopember 2003. p. 30. ISBN 9781551113340. https://archive.org/details/culturesatwarmor0000smit.
  2. ↑ Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction. University of Chicago Press. 1 Nopember 1997. p. 37. https://archive.org/details/leftrightsignifi00bobb.
  3. 1 2 The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (edisi ke-Reprint.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1 Nopember 2005. pp. 612–614. ISBN 9780521563543. https://books.google.com/books?id=N1h4_NqTOFoC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Twentieth-Century+Political+Thought. Diakses pado 15 Nopember 2016.
  4. ↑ The Left In History: Revolution and Reform in Twentieth-Century Politic. London: Pluto Press. 1 Nopember 1997. ISBN 978-0745308913.
  5. 1 2 Wright, Edmund, ed (2006). The Desk Encyclopedia of World History. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 370. ISBN 978-0-7394-7809-7.
  6. ↑ Political Economy: A Comparative Approach. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Press. 1 Nopember 1998. ISBN 9780275958695.
  7. ↑ The Case for Socialism (edisi ke-Revised). Haymarket Books. 1 Nopember 2010. p. 164. ISBN 978-1608460731. "The International Socialist Review is one of the best left-wing journals around..."
  8. ↑ Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism. Counter-Power. 1. AK Press. 1 Nopember 2009. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-904859-16-1. "[...] anarchism is a coherent intellectual and political current dating back to the 1860s and the First International, and part of the labour and left tradition."
  9. ↑ Last Exit to Utopia. Encounter Books. 1 Nopember 2009. p. 24. ISBN 978-1594032646. https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24. "In the United States, the word liberal is often used to describe the left wing of the Democratic party."
  10. ↑ Neumayer, Eric (2004). "The environment, left-wing political orientation, and ecological economics" (PDF). Ecological Economics. 51 (3–4): 167–175. Bibcode:2004EcoEc..51..167N. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 21 September 2017. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2018.
  11. ↑ International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics. Taylor & Francis. 1 Nopember 2002. ISBN 978-0415202855. https://archive.org/details/internationalenc0000unse_a2h7. "All surveys confirm that environmental concern is associated with green voting...[I]n subsequent European elections, green voters have tended to be more left-leaning...the party is capable of motivating its core supporters as well as other environmentally minded voters of predominantly left-wing persuasion..."
  12. ↑ "Democratic socialism" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2 September 2006. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2017.
  13. ↑ Harvey, Fiona (5 September 2014). "Green party to position itself as the real left of UK politics". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 February 2017. Diakses tanggal 12 December 2016.
  14. ↑ Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation. Florence: Oxford University Press. 1 Nopember 2009. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-495-50112-1. https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg. "Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States, the Labor Party in the United Kingdom, and the mainstream Left (including some nominally socialist parties) in other advanced democratic societies."
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