Kakaisaran Sasaniyah

Bandera

Wilayah Kakaisaran Sasaniyah samaso pamarintahan Khosrau II.

Kakaisaran Sasaniyah, sacaro rasmi disabuik Eranshahr (Persia Patangahan: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩), adolah sabuah kakaisaran Iran nan didirian jo diparintah dek Wangso Sasania dari tahun 224 hinggo 651 M. Batahan salamo labiah ampek abaik, maso pamarintahan dinasti Sasaniyah ateh Iran kuno hanyo kalah panjang dibandiangan jo Dinasti Arsasid dari Partia nan mandauluinyo sacaro lansuang.

Didirian dek Ardashir I, nan kamunculannyo batapekkan jo malamahnyo pangaruah Arsasid akibaik gajolak internal jo eksternal, Wangso Sasan sangaik batekad untuak mamuliahan warisan Kakaisaran Akhemeniyah jo mampalaweh sarato mampakuaik kuaso banso Iran. Sacaro khusus, sasudah mangalahan Artabanus IV dari Partia dalam Paparangan Hormozdgan pado tahun 2024, urang-urang tu mulai basaiang jauah labiah agresiglf jo Kakaisaran Romawi dibandiangan jo pandaulunyo, Arsasid, sahinggo mamicu fase baru dalam Parang Romawi–Iran. Upayo dinasti Ardashir tu pado akhianyo bahasia managgakan baliak Iran sabagai kakuatan gadang pado akia jaman kuno.

Pado puncak kajayaannyo, Kakaisaran Sasaniyah manguasoi kasadoan wilayah Iran jo Irak moderen sarato sabagian Samananjuang Arab (tautamo Arab Timur jo Selatan), sarato kawasan Kaukasus, Syam, Asia Tangah dan Selatan. Ibu kotanyo barado di Ctesiphon, kacuali duo taun patamo di Istakhr.

Sabagai salah ciek maso kaamehan dalam sijarah paradaban Iran, Kakaisaran Sasaniyah dicirian dek birokrasi pamarintahan nan kompleks jo tapusek sarato kabangkikan baliak Majusi sabagai ideologi pamasatu jo sumber legitimasi. Maso ko manyaksian pambangunan babagai monumen gadang, proyek-proyek umum, sarato limbago-limbago budaya jo pandidikan nan didukuang nagara. Di bawah kuaso Sasaniyah, pangaruah budaya Iran manyena sampai ka Eropa Barat, Afrika Timur, sarato Cino jo India. Salain tu, kakaisaran ko turuik mambantuak seni abaik patangahan di Eropa jo Asia.

Sasudah bangkiknyo Islam di Arab, Kakaisaran Sasaniyah takluak dalam galombang panakluakan Muslim awal nan dimulai dek Muhammad jo dilanjuikan dek Kakhalifahan Rasyidin. Meskipun panakluakan Muslim ateh Iran manandoi pageseran gadang dalam sijarah kaagamoan jo budaya banso tu, proses Islamisasi Iran mamungkinan tajadinyo panyatuan tahadok seni, arsitektur, musik, sastra jo filsafat Sasaniyah ka dalam budaya Islam nan sadang tumbuah. Hal iko pado gilirannyo manjamin jo mampatahankan panyabaran budaya, pangatahuan, jo pamikiran Iran nan taruih bakambang di dunia Islam.

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