Kantang

Kentang
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Subclass:	Asteridae
Order:	Solanales
Family:	Solanaceae
Genus:	Solanum
Species:	S. tuberosum
Namo binomial
Solanum tuberosum L. Media: Kantang

Kantang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adolah tanaman dari suku Solanaceae nan punyo umbi batang nan bisa dimakan dan disabuik "kantang" pulo. Umbi kantang kini ko alah manjadi makanan pokok pantiang di Eropa walaupun awalnyo badatangan dari Amerika Selatan.

Panjalajah dari Spanyol jo Portugis partamo kali mambawok ka Eropa dan mangambangkbiakkannyo disinan.

Tanaman ko mulonyo barasa dari Amerika Selatan dan alah dibudidayakan dek urang di sinan sajak ribuan tahun nan lampau. Tanaman ko tamasuak herba (tanaman pendek indak bakayu) samusim dan suko jo iklim sajuak. Di daerah tropis cocok bana ditanam di dataran tinggi.

Bungonyo nan samparono tasusun majemuk. Ukurannyo cukuik gadang, diameter kiro-kiro 3 cm. Warnanyo antaro ungu hinggo putiah.

Panyebaran

Manuruik tambonyo, kantang ko asanyo dari lembah-lembah dataran tinggi di Chili, Peru, jo Meksiko. Jinih iko dipakenalkan dek urang Spanyol dari Peru ka Eropa sajak tahun 1565. Samanjak itulah, kantang pai ka negri-negri lain tamasuak Indonesia. Manuruik catatan awal di Indonesia, tumbuhan ko alah ado samanjak tahun 1794, partamo pananamannyo di sakitaran Cimahi. Samanjak itulah, kantang ko basarobok di Priangan jo Gunung Tengger. Pado tahun 1812, kantang alah dikenal jo dijua di Kedu. Sadangkan di Sumatra tanaman ko dikenal satahun sabalumnyo, 1811. Kantang tumbuah di pagunuanggan nan katinggiannyo antaro 1000 mdpl hinggo 2000 mdpl, pado tanah humus. Tanah bakeh latuihan gunuang marapi nan bastruktur remah labiah ancak.

Manfaaik jo racun

Kantang disabuik juo dek urang sabagai makanan pokok di lua negri. Iko karano maganduang karbohidrat. Di Indonesia ko, kantang masih dianggap sabagai makanan nan mewah. Nan dek itu juo, kantang adolah makanan nan lamak jo banutrisi. Juo dikenal manganduang sajumlah vitamin dari A, B-kompleks, hinggo C, hinggo asam folat. Juo mineral, protein, karbohidrat, karotenoid, dan polifenol. Dalam tubuah kantang ko, ado zat solanin nan dikenal sabagai ubek pananang, antikajang, antijamur, jo pestisida. Vitamin C nan takanduang di kantang satiok 100 g adolah 17 mg. Salain tu takanduang karbohidrat jo serat, mineral nan ala ado antaronyo zat besi, fosfor, jo kalium. Kompresan aia kantang dikenal sangaik mambantu maubek'i luko di kulik, talabiah di negri miskin nan sulik cangkok kulik (skin graft). Namun bak itu, katiko kantang kanai cahayo, kantang dapek sajo mambuek glikoalkaloid nan dinamoan solanin secaro balabiah, sahinggo bahayo untuak dikonsumsi. Bahayo nan dapek tajadi iolah taganggunyo sistem saraf, tabaka tenggorokan, sakik kapalo, paralisis/lumpuah tungkai, jo badan mandingin. Apobilo dosis alah 3–6 mg. akibaiknyo bisa fatal. Paubek nan bisa dilakuan iolah ma'agiah arang aktif/norit, cuci lambung, dan diagiah cairan infus. Sebab tu, untuak pancegahan tajadinyo solanin pado kantang nan ka di makan tu, labiah elok kantang di latakan di tampek nan galok. Mamasak solanin di suhu tinggi, dapek mahancuaan sabagian solanin. Selain tu, jan mamakan kantang nan alah bakacambah jo bawarna ijau di bagian bawah kulik, karano alkaloid solaninnyo alah tinggi sarato sangaik baracun bana.

Kantang di pasa

Bamacam-macam umbi kantang di pasa

Di pasa-pasa jo di balai-balai, kantang dipisah-pisahan menuruik ukurannyo dan dinamokan kualitas A, B, C, dan D. Kualitas A iolah nan tabaiak. Panyabuikan 'kantang kualitas AB' bararti campuran dari kualitas A jo B.

Liek pulo

• Kantang itam (kantang kleci)

Pautan lua

• Economist. "Llamas and mash", The Economist 28 February 2008 online
• Economist. "The potato: Spud we like", (leader) The Economist 28 February 2008 online
• Boomgaard, Peter (2003). "in the Shadow of Rice: Roots and Tubers in Indonesian History, 1500-1950". Agricultural History. 77 (4): 582-610. doi:10.1525/ah.2003.77.4.582. JSTOR 3744936
• Hawkes, J.G. (1990). The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity & Genetic Resources, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
• Lang, James. (2001) Notes of a Potato Watcher (Texas A&M University Agriculture Series) excerpt and text search* Langer, William L. "American Foods and Europe's Population Growth 1750–1850", Journal of Social History (1975) 8#2 pp. 51–66 in JSTOR
• McNeill, William H. "How the Potato Changed the World's History." Social Research (1999) 66#1 pp 67–83. ISSN 0037-783X Fulltext: Ebsco, by a leading historian.
• Mcneill Wiliam H (1948). "The Introduction of the Potato into ireland" Journal of Modern History. 21 (3): 218-21. doi: 10. 1086/237272.
• Ó Gráda, Cormac. Black '47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory. (1999). 272 pp.
  1. Ó Gráda, Cormac, Richard Paping, and Eric Vanhaute, eds. When the Potato Failed: Causes and Effects of the Last European Subsistence Crisis, 1845–1850. (2007). 342 pp. ISBN 978-2-503-51985-2. 15 essays by scholars looking at Ireland and all of Europe
• Reader, John. Propitious Esculent: The Potato in World History (2008), 315pp a standard scholarly history
• Salaman, Redcliffe N. (1989). The History and Social Influence of the Potato, Cambridge University Press (originally published in 1949; reprinted 1985 with new introduction and corrections by J.G. Hawkes).
• Stevenson, W.R., Loria, R., Franc, G.D., and Weingartner, D.P. (2001) Compendium of Potato Diseases, 2nd ed, Amer. Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota.
• Zuckerman, Larry. The Potato: How the Humble Spud Rescued the Western World. (1998). 304 pp. Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 0-86547-578-4.

Lanjuik Mambaco

• Bohl, Wiliam H,; Johnson, Steven B., ed. (2010). Commercial Potato Production in North America: The Potato Association of America Handbook Archived 2013-11-26 di Wayback Machine.(PDF). Second Revision of American Potato Journal Supplement Volume 57 and USDA Handbook 267. The Potato Association of America.
• " 'Humble' Potato Emerging as World's Next Food Source". column. Japan 11 May 2008. hlm. 20.
• Spooner, David M.; McLean, Karen; Ramsay, Gavin; Waugh, Robbie; Bryan, Glenn J. (October 2005). "A single domestication for potato based on multiocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping" Archived 2020-09-04 di Wayback Machine.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 102 (41): 14694-14699. doi:10. 1073/pnas.0507400102. PMC 1253605. PMID 1603994
• The World Potato Atlas at Cgiar.org Archived 2017-07-05 di Wayback Machine., released by the International Potato Center in 2006 and regularly updated. Includes current chapters of 15 countries:
  • South America: (English and Spanish): Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
  • Africa: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya
  • Eurasia: Armenia, Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan
  • 38 others as brief "archive" chapters
  • Further information links at Cgiar.org. Archived 2017-07-05 di Wayback Machine.
• World Geography of the Potato at UGA.edu, released in 1993.
• Gauldie, Enid (1981). The Scottish Miller 1700–1900. Pub. John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-067-7.
• GLKS Potato Database Archived 2020-10-31 di Wayback Machine.
• Centro Internacional de la Papa: CIP (International Potato Center)
• World Potato Congress
• British Potato Council
• Online Potato Pedigree Database for cultivated varieties
• Potato Information & Exchange
• GMO Safety: Genetic engineering on potatoes Biological safety research projects and results
• International Year of the Potato 2008
• Solanum tuberosum (potato, papas): life cycle, tuber anatomy at GeoChemBio Archived 2022-04-08 di Wayback Machine.
• Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium
• Potato storage and value Preservation Archived 2020-08-06 di Wayback Machine.: Pawanexh Kohli, CrossTree techno-visors.
• Potato, in Cyclopedia of American Agriculture Archived 2020-08-06 di Wayback Machine.